19.Bringing up children is hard work,and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children.If so,Judith Rich Harris has good news for you.Parents,she argues,have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children.Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood.Ms.Harris takes to hitting the assumption,which has dominated(支配) developmental psychology for almost half a century.
Ms.Harris's attack on the developmental psychologists'"nurture"argument looks likely to reinforce(加强) doubts that the profession was already having.If parents matter,why is it that two adopted children,brought up in the same home,are no more similar in personality than two adopted children brought up in separate homes?Or that a pair of identical twins,brought up in the same home,are no more alike than a pair of identical twins brought up in different homes?
Difficult as it is to track the clear effects of parental upbringing,it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer(同龄人) group in childhood and adolescence.Ms.Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak.But acquiring a language is surely a skill,rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for.Certainly it is different from growing up tensely or relaxed,or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous.Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities,it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.
Moreover,mum and dad surely cannot be ignored completely.Young adults may,as Ms.Harris argues,be keen to appear like their peers.But even in those early years,parents have the power to open doors:they may choose the peers with whom their young associate,and pick that influential neighborhood.Moreover,most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age.So the balance of influences is probably complicated.Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection,discipline and good example,parents are not completely off the hook.
32.According to Ms.Harris,B.
A.parents are to blame for any bad behavior of their children
B.children's personality is largely shaped by their friends and neighbors
C.nature rather than nurture has a significant effect on children's personality development
D.parents will affect greatly the children's life in the long run
33.The developmental psychologists thinkC.
A.children are more influenced by their peers
B.identical twins raised in the same home are different in personality
C.twins raised in two separate families are different in personality
D.upbringing has a less significant effect on children's personality development
34.According to Paragraph 3,we know thatC.
A.it is easier for children to gain a language at home
B.it is harder to follow the effects of parental upbringing
C.immigrant children avoid speaking the same way as their parents at school
D.it is proved that peers have a greater effect on children's qualities
35.What does the author mean by saying parents are not completely off the look at the end of the passage?D
A.Parents should control the situation.
B.Parents should give their way to children.
C.Parents should spend more time on children.
D.Parents should take on their responsibility.
分析 本文讲述了对孩子的影响是复杂的,不仅仅是父母,还有来自社会与邻居、朋友等的影响.
解答 32-35 BCCD
32.B细节理解题.第一段第三、四句Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood.Ms.Harris takes to hitting the assumption,which has dominated(支配) developmental psychology for almost half a century.表明,父母对孩子个性的长远发展所起的作用并不大,对孩子影响最大的是他们的同龄人和邻居.故选B.
33.C细节理解题.根据第二段 If parents matter,why is it that two adopted children,brought up in the same home,are no more similar in personality than two adopted children brought up in separate homes?Or that a pair of identical twins,brought up in the same home,are no more alike than a pair of identical twins brought up in different homes?可知,同一个家庭培育出的两个抱养小孩不相似,那么即使是双胞胎,也会不同.故选C.
34.C推理判断题.根据第三段Ms.Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak.可知,移民的小孩在学校不用父母说话的方式.故选C.
35.D细节理解题.根据文章所描述的孩子所受的影响不仅来源于父母,可知外界也会影响孩子,而父母还未摆脱的意思是指,父母仍有责任管教自己的孩子,引导孩子的培育方向.故选D.
点评 做阅读理解时要快速的浏览全文,把握文章主旨大意,带着问题回到原文,寻找细节或概括相应的答案,最后要理清作者写作思路.