Question

【题目】Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Like AIDS, flu is caused by a virus, a tiny packet of genes in a protein coat so simple that most biologists don’t 【1】 viruses truly “alive” until they invade（入侵）a host cell. Then they hijack the cell and use its energy to 【2】 out 100,000 to 1 million copies of themselves in just 10 hours. Eventually they become so great in number that they 【3】 the cell from within, flooding out to further infect the body. They are spread from respiratory（呼吸的）passages, through the cough and sneeze droplets on doorknobs, desktops, coat sleeves and food tables.

The cause of flu was unknown for many years—the virus wasn’t isolated until 1933. But now we know what makes flu such an annual irritant, and so 【4】 deadly, is that like HIV that causes AIDS, it is moving 【5】. Made of RNA instead of the more stable DNA, it changes like a movie monster, making vaccinations（疫苗接种）useless in a year or so.

One thing we know about the flu is that we can’t predict it. In part that’s because occasionally the flu will change completely in what is called a “shift” and 【6】 humans by such a surprise that a pandemic（流行疾病）breaks out. An estimated three to six shifts occurred in the 18th century, four in the 19th, and three in the 20th, the 1918 pandemic, the 1957 Asian flu and the 1968 Hong Kong flue. Because it can take six to nine months to make enough of an effective vaccine, a deadly shift that 【7】 around the world is what gives health authorities nightmares.

But there is a global network to try to stop such a pandemic in its tracks. More than 80 countries and 121 U.S. cities belong to a reporting system to 【8】 flu.

And now, doctors know what causes flu. They have decades of experience with vaccines to fight it, and they even have anti-viral drugs, though those are expensive and of limited 【9】.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】E

【4】H

【5】G

【6】B

【7】I

【8】D

【9】F

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍流感病毒就像艾滋病毒一样具有很强的传染性，而且病毒变化多样，在过去的很多年里科学家对流感都束手无策，经过努力目前已经有了可以对抗流感病毒的药，但效果不是很理想。

【1】考查句意和动词。句意：跟艾滋病一样，流感也是由病毒引起的。病毒是外面裹着蛋白质外壳的基因微粒，结构非常简单，又属于惰性，因此大部分生物学家认为病毒在侵入宿主细胞之前都不算真正"活着"。根据don’t判断此处应用动词原形，在结合句意“在入侵宿主前生物学家认为它们不是活的”符合语境,“认为”是consider。故选C项。

【2】考查动词和短语。句意：然后它们劫持细胞，用它的能量在仅仅10个小时之内复制出10万到100万份。根据to判断此处用动词原形，再结合句意，此处应译为“生产，复制”，其表达为turn out。故选A项。

【3】考查动词和句意。句意：最后，细胞因涨满病毒而爆破。病毒大量释放而感染患者全身。分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，再结合句意“病毒数量很多,从细胞内部爆破出来”符合语境, “爆破”是burst。故选E项。

【4】考查副词和句意。句意：不过我们现在知道流感之所以年年来袭且其潜在致命性如此高，就是因为它跟引发艾滋病的"人体免疫缺陷病毒"(HIV)一样，都是游移不定的射击目标。deadly是形容词，应用副词修饰，再结合句意“有潜在的致命性”符合文意。故选H项。

【5】考查名词。句意：不过我们现在知道流感之所以年年来袭且其潜在致命性如此高，就是因为它跟引发艾滋病的"人体免疫缺陷病毒"(HIV)一样，都是游移不定的要对付的目标。根据moving判断此处用名词，结合上下文，对于人类来说流感是需要对付的“目标”。故选G项。

【6】考查动词。句意：部分原因是流感有时会完全改变，即所谓的“转变”，以至于流感大爆发，让人们措手不及。根据句意，此处考查固定短语take sb by surprise(使某人吃惊)。故选B项。

【7】考查动词。句意：因为大约要花6到9个月时间才能制造有效的疫苗，所以世界各地爆发一场致命的流感是当地卫生局的噩梦。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，再结合句意，此处是指致命流感的爆发，“爆发”是explode。故选I项。

【8】考查动词。句意：超过80个国家和121个美国城市加入了追踪流感的报告系统。分析句子结构可知，此处是用不定式作为system的后置定语，故填动词原型，再结合前文的such a pandemic in its tracks.可判断此处用track（追踪）。故选D项。

【9】考查名词。句意：他们有几十年的疫苗经验，他们甚至有抗病毒的药，尽管这些药物很贵，但效果有限。根据of limited判断此处填名词，再结合句意此处应译为“有限的效果”，“效果”是effectiveness。故选F项。