ORTOTROT? I heard that word while studying in Australia. It is a local language for “Are you ready (to go)?”. And at Sydney Airport, I asked the way to the train station and a man told me“Go ask that “bloke” over there.” “Bloke” is used in Australia and refers to a person. “Day” and “die” sound almost alike and since “a”, “i” and “o” all sound almost the same, I have always told my Australian friends, jokingly, that they only need 24 letters, and not 26 like the rest of us do.
Australian English began to be different from British English in 1788 and has many words that some consider unique (独特的) to the language, such as outback, meaning a remote, sparsely-populated (人口稀少的) area. Early settlers from England brought other similar words, phrases and usages to Australia. “Bonzer”, which was once a common Australian word meaning “great” or “beautiful”, is thought to have been an American term. The American influence on language in Australia has come from pop culture, the mass media (books, magazines and television programmes) and the Internet. Australian English is most similar to New Zealand English for their similar history.
Words of Irish origin are used, some of which are also common elsewhere in Irish, such as “tucker” for “food”. Some native English words whose meanings have changed under Irish influence, such as “paddock” for “field”, which has exactly the same meaning as the Australian “paddock”are still in use.
1.According to the passage, we know Australian English .
A. has special characters
B. is a kind of old language
C. is very difficult to learn
D. is the same as British English
2.Why did the writer tell his Australian friends they only need 24 letters?
A. Because Australians never use “a” or “i”.
B. Because Australians speak very easy English.
C. Because there are 3 letters having similar pronunciation.
D. Because there are some different ways to call the same thing.
3.Australian English is most similar to New Zealand English because .
A. they learn from each other
B. they have similar history
C. the two countries have the same political system
D. people from the two countries often travel to each other’s country
4.The American influence on Australian English comes from the following EXCEPT .
A. pop culture B. the Internet
C. computer software D. the mass media
科目：高中英语 来源：2016届江苏省盐城市高三上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：其他题
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Have you ever been so absorbed in a conversation at a party that you failed to notice that someone new is standing only six inches away from you, trying to get your attention? It’s possible that you were so distracted that you didn’t notice someone approaching you. But it’s also entirely likely that you were experiencing change blindness.
Change blindness is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is unable to notice visual changes in their environment, despite the fact that they are often rather obvious. In cases of change blindness, the person isn’t failing to notice small or insignificant changes, but will probably miss big changes, like someone standing next to them waving their hand.
Early experiments with change blindness focused largely on memory and perception when viewing pictures. For example, a person might be shown a photograph of a street scene in Egypt and told to memorize the image. Following that, they would be shown the same picture with certain elements added or taken away and asked to identify what’s different. Very often the individual could recall the larger aspects of the picture but couldn’t recognize the smaller changes.
In the 1990s, researcher Daniel Simons conducted a fascinating study into change blindness that many people find unbelievable. In Simons’ study, he asked participants to watch a video of a basketball being passed around between several people, with a particular focus on the basketball itself. When the experiment was over, Simons found that a large number of participants were so focused on watching the basketball being passed around that they failed to notice a man in a gorilla suit jumping around in front of the camera.
It’s important to note that the change in Simons’ video wasn’t subtle; the gorilla is very obviously taking up much of the frame. Simons concluded that participants were experiencing inattentional blindness, which is when a person fails to notice a major change because they are so focused on another task. In this case, because participants were asked to focus on the movement of the basketball, their brains prioritized that task in order to do it properly, thereby missing the other things happening in the video.
In the case of Simons’ study, participants engaged what’s referred to as attentional selection, which is when a person selects certain things to focus on in order to achieve a task and filters out anything that is unrelated to the objective.
There are a number of theories about what causes a person’s inability to recognize obvious changes in their environment, but most agree that the phenomenon is related to sensory processing. Broadly speaking, our brains have a limited capacity to detect and process everything in our environment. Instead, what the brain does is to choose certain things to process, evaluate, and store, which allows other things to be missed or filtered out.
In simple terms, change blindness has a great deal to do with where a person directs their attention. In the case of the gorilla and the basketball, people focused their attention almost exclusively on one thing, which caused them to miss other elements or changes. Given that attention is often at the root of change blindness, a person’s age or mental and physical health can influence how well they will notice changes in stimuli.
Change Blindness | |
1. of change blindness | Change blindness is a surprising perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a person recognizes minor changes in scenes while large changes go 2. . |
Experiments with change blindness | ●The main 3. of early experiments was memory and perception. ●Individuals were found to be4. at recalling the smaller details in the same picture previously shown to them. |
Research in the 1990s | ●In Simons’ study, participants were asked to pay special attention to the 5. basketball, during which time a man wearing a gorilla suit unexpectedly walked through the scene. ●Contrary to popular belief, with their attention fixed on the basketball, many participants reported that the “gorilla” 6. their notice. ●It is concluded that participants fail to recognize something big but unrelated to the objective when their brains are programmed to consider some task as a top 7. . |
8. of change blindness | ●The brain makes 9. about what to be dealt with because of its limited capacity. ●Although attention is closely10. to change blindness, age and health are other factors that play a role. |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年四川绵阳南山中学高二上学期10月月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
On a stormy day last August, Tim heard some shouting．Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea.
Two 12-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search a football．Once they’d rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water．The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore．But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.
Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves.
“Everything went quiet in my head,” Tim recalls（回忆）．“I’m trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”
Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water．Every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress．“At one point, I considered turning back,” he says．“I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.” After 30 minutes of struggling, he was close enough to yell to the boys, “Take down the umbrella! Let’s aim for the pier（码头）,” Jack said．Tim turned the boat toward it．Soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat, and it began to sink．“Can you guys swim?” he cried．“A little bit,” the boys said.
Once they were in the water, Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier．Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs．Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys’ faces.
“Are we almost there?” they asked again and again．“Yes,” Tim told them each time.
After 30 minutes, they reached the pier.
1.Why was the boat far into open water?
A．The boys rowed too fast．
B．The big current carried it.
C．The wind blew it．
C．The boys tried to get attention..
2.Why did the two boys go to the sea?
A．To go boat rowing
B．To get back their football.
C．To swim in the open water
D．To test the umbrella as a sail.
3.What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The beach
B．The water
C．The boat
D．The wind
4.Why did Tim raise his head regularly?
A．To take in enough fresh air
B．To consider turning back or not.
C．To check his distance from the boys．
D．To ask the boys to take down the umbrella.
5.How can the two boys finally reach the pier?
A．They were dragged to the pier by Tim.
B．They swam to the pier all by themselves.
C．They were washed to the pier by the waves.
D．They were carried to the pier by Tim on his back.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届河北保定第一中学高三上第三次复习英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
8:30 PM
Outlook
Outlook is back with a new series of reports to keep you up to date with all that’s new in the world of entertainment. Stories go all the way from the technical to the romantic, from stage to screen. There will be reports of the stars of the moment, the stars of the future and the stars of the past. The director with his new film, the designer with the latest fashion, and the musician with the popular song are part of the new Outlook. The program is introduced by Fran Levine.
9:00 PM
Discovery
When a 10 -year –old boy gets a first class degree in mathematics or an 8-year- old plays chess like a future grand master, they are considered as geniuses. Where does the quality of genius come from? Is it all in the genes or can any child be turned into a genius? And if parents do have a child who might become a genius in the future, what should they do ? In this 30-minute film, Barry Johnson, the professor at School of Medicine, New York University will help you discover the answer.
10:00 PM
Science/Health
Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs? The answer is “yes”, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months, those devoted to weight-loss exercise and eating a low-salt, low-fat food lost about 13 pounds and became fitter. Plus, 35% of them dropped into the “normal” category. This week, Dr. Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce their blood pressure to a level similar to what’s achieved with Hypertension drugs.
1. From Outlook, you can get a great deal of information about _____________.
A. famous stars B. story tellers
C. film companies D. music fans
2. Who will be most probably interested in Discovery?
A. Parents who want to send their children to a school of medicine.
B. Children who are good at mathematics.
C. Parents who want their child to become another Albert Einstein.
D. Children who are interested in playing chess.
3.According to the third text, which of the following has almost the same effect as Hypertension drug?
A. Low-salt and low –fat food.
B. Loss of thirteen pounds in weight
C. Six months of exercise without drugs.
D. Exercise plus a healthy diet.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年河北衡水中学高二上二调英语试卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Make the Most of What You Have Got
For Nick Vujicic, life was going to be difficult from the day he was born. When Nick arrived into this world, he________everyone. He was not like the other babies and it was ________obvious to his parents and to the doctors in the hospital.
There was no ________or answers for his condition. Nick was born without any limbs—that is he was born without any arms or legs. But despite being physically ________, he was mentally________ and the rest of his body was functioning fine.
________he had loving parents, Nick would find school hard as he would often be looked down upon by the other children and at the young age of 10, he considered ________his life by drowning himself in a bathtub. These dark thoughts were ________by his negative attitude to being disabled and at the time, he thought that he would never be able to do________by himself, that he would never have a job and that he would always have to ________on his parents for help.
Nick was wrong.
As an adult, Nick is a successful public speaker and is famous for his motivational ________which focus on life with a disability, hope and finding meaning in life worldwide. He ________so many people with the story of his life, how he has________so many difficulties and most importantly how he is happy every day.
Despite having no arms or legs, Nick lives________, even finding ways to do almost ________things like brushing his teeth on his own and swimming. He has to work harder than a full bodied person and he achieves his goals.
At the first impression, you may look at Nick and feel________. You may feel sad that this man has no arms or legs and you might feel his________ and upset that he could find everyday situations difficult. But we should ________Nick, as he is extremely positive and he gets on with life. He ________ every day and makes the best of what he has: a positive attitude, a creative mind and a powerful ________. He also has a very kind and very beautiful wife and they are truly happy and in love.
1.A. shocked B. pleased C. inspired D. accepted
2.A. nervously B. painfully C. hopefully D. cautiously
3.A. surprise B. worry C. explanation D. apology
4.A. active B. sick C. disabled D. abused
5.A. disturbed B. challenged C. calm D. normal
6.A. Since B. If C. Although D. Unless
7.A. changing B. ending C. risking D. sharing
8.A. expressed B. collected C. given D. driven
9.A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
10.A. call B. rely C. cheat D. look
11.A. lessons B. poems C. speeches D. posters
12.A.assists B. touches C. puzzles D. judges
13.A. fought with B. live with C. come across D.get over
14.A.independently B. comfortably C. hopelessly D. lonely
15.A. impossible B. dangerous C. crazy D. regretful
16.A. pain B. guilt C. panic D. pity
17.A. anger B. selfishness C. courage D. confidence
18.A. encourage B. admire C. comfort D. correct
19.A. cries B. shouts C. smiles D. struggles
20.A. voice B. body C. family D. position
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届北京市校高三上学期10月月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
It is good manners to eat up ______ is left in your plate．
A．thatB．whatC．whichD．all
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014-2015学年北京市高三上学期第一次质量检测英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
The news came as no surprise to me．I _____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down．
A．knewB．had known
C．have knownD．know
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届宁夏长庆高级中学高三上学期第三次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Our local Community Youth Club is very popular organized with young people in my town. I have been1. member for four years now and I’ve taken part in a lot of interesting projects. These include fun activities such 62.
holiday camps and discos. We have organized sports competitions and we have even made a video. 2. it isn’t all just enjoyment; we 64.
(start)doing social work to help people in our neighborhood. We have organized activities for small children during the holidays. We have also formed a special support group to help young people stop 3. (smoke)! We have been
4. (particular)proud of the most recent group we have created. It organizes regular visits to the local old people’s home. The old people, 5. were very excited by our visit, told us their6. (person)stories. We sang songs and played games with them and had tea together. Some of them were in poor health and were very unhappy. 7. this visit, my friends and I decided we should do something 8. (help)improve the quality of their lives.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届上海宝山区吴淞中学高一上第一次月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
She is not going to buy the sofa because it _____ too much room in the living room.
A. takes away B. takes on
C. takes down D. takes up
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