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    10．The recent publication of autobiographies by two of Britain's great scientists，biologist Richard Dawkins and physicist Stephen Hawking，is a wonderful opportunity to compare and contrast these two remarkable men．Surprisingly，they have rather more in common than we think．
    Most striking is the similarity in their backgrounds．They were born in the early 1940s to middle class families---not wealthy but comfortably off，with a strong commitment to academic excellence and public service．Both families were keen to send their boys to Oxford University---and both succeeded，Dawkins studying zoology and Hawking physics．
    Neither author has a very positive view of his early university life．Hawking describes the attitude at Oxford in the 1950s and 1960s as very anti-work，"You were supposed to either be brilliant without effort or fail．Hard work was looked down upon by students and we all pretended that nothing was worth making an effort for．"He estimates that he studied for no more than an hour a day as an undergraduate student （本科生）．
    Undergraduate life was somewhat more rewarding for Dawkins．Like Hawking，he wasn't particularly hard-working and never attended his lectures．But he found Oxford's system of weekly essay-based lessons with an academic tutor useful，"It was really only the tutorial system that educated me．"
    For both men，scientific life really got going as postgraduates after 1962．Dawkins，who remained at Oxford，describes brilliantly the academic competition among the postgraduate students，which he believed helped push him to develop the ideas that formed the basis of his most famous book，The Selfish Gene．This volume transformed scientific thinking about Darwinism evolution．
    Hawking，on the other hand，moved to Cambridge University after graduation，where his research into the universe would eventually make him the most famous physicists since Albert Einstein．He writes movingly about the disease which progressively crippled his entire body，leaving him unable to move and only able to communicate using a computer controlled by his eyes．Although communication is slow---he can write only 3 words a minute using the machine---his illness has not affected his mind or his research on space-time and origins of the universe．
    Each book is recommended individually as a personal introduction to an important scientific thinker．Read together，they provide a superb background to the academic and social climate of postwar British research．
     
    41．Which of the following describes a similarity in Hawking's and Dawkins'backgrounds？D
    A．They were both from wealthy families．
    B．They studied the same subject in university．
    C．They graduated from the same secondary school．
    D．They both came from families that valued good education．
    42．Why did Hawking study very little as an undergraduate student？B
    A．He preferred doing his own research and experiments．
    B．Students considered it inappropriate to study too much．
    C．The materials discussed in lectures were very easy for him．
    D．He was more interested in making friends with his classmates．
    43．According to Dawkins，what helped him develop his most important ideas？D
    A．His hard work as an undergraduate．
    B．The support he received from his family．
    C．The excellent tutors at Oxford University．
    D．The competition from other postgraduate students．
    44．What can we reasonably infer about the two scientists from the passage？D
    A．Dawkins worked much harder than Hawking as an undergraduate．
    B．Hawking is more respected by the scientific community．
    C．They knew each other during their studies a t Oxford．
    D．Hawing has experienced more physical difficulties．
    45．What is the function of the last paragraph？B
    A．To state which book the writer prefers．
    B．To recommend the reviewed books to readers．
    C．To summarize the achievements of the two scientists．
    D．To suggest the order in which the books should be read．

    分析 本文主要通过道金斯和霍金斯的传记，讲述了他们的相似点．

    解答 DBDDB
    41：D   细节题．由文章第二段第三句"Both families were keen to send their boys to Oxford University …"可知两个家庭都非常希望把他们的儿子送进牛津大学，说明他们家庭非常重视教育．故正确答案为D．
    42    B   细节题．由文章第三段第四句"Hard work was looked down upon by students and we all pretended that nothing was worth making an effort for"可知学生们都瞧不起努力学习，并且假装一切都不值得努力．故正确答案为B．
    43     D   细节题．由文章第五段第二句"Dawkins，who remained at Oxford，describes brilliantly the academic competition among the postgraduate students，which he believes helped push him to develop the ideas that formed the basis of his most famous book，The Selfish Gene．"可知是研究生之间的相互竞争推动他形成重要的理论．故正确答案为D．
    44     D   推断题．由文章第六段第二句和第三句"He writes movingly about the disease which progressively crippled his entire body，leaving him unable to move and only able to communicate using a computer controlled by his eyes．Although communication is slow-he can write only 3 words a minute using the machine…"可知霍金身患疾病全身不能动，仅仅能用眼睛控制电脑进行交流，并且他的交流非常慢，一分钟只能用机器写三个单词．由此可以推知霍金经历了更多的身体磨难，所以D项正确．其余选项在文中均未体现，因此排除．故正确答案为D．
    45     B    细节题．文章最后一段作者推荐阅读每一本书，因为它们不但是对科学巨人的介绍，而且仔细阅读也能让我们了解学术和战后英国研究背景．所以最后一段的作用是把这两本书推荐给读者．故正确答案为B．

    点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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    61．E
    Is the world warming up？According to many reports，the answer is yes．Eleven of the hottest years since 1850appeared between 1995and 2006．Last year，the United Nation's Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） reported the earth was about 0.75℃warmer than it was in 1850．While this doesn't sound like a lot，a small difference in average temperature can make a big difference in climate．During the last Ice Age，the planet was only about five degrees colder than now．
    62．C
    It's all about the speed at which temperatures are changing．In the past，temperatures moved up or down step by step．But in the 20th century，especially since 1976，temperatures have likely risen more quickly than during any century in the last 1000years．Warming may bring improved harvests to northern countries such as Canada and Russia．However，many species won't like these conditions．They begin moving towards cooler places and cause lots of trouble to human world．
    63．A
    The IPCC reported that human activity is very likely responsible by increasing the greenhouse effect．Some gases cause the air to take in heat energy．Without the greenhouse effect，the earth's average temperature would be-18℃rather than the present comfortable 14.6℃．The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide，water vapor and some other gases．Burning oil，coal and waste adds to the carbon dioxide，and it has increased 35% since 1850．
    64．F
    Many researchers have found that natural forces alone don't explain the temperature increases over the last 30to 40years．Their study shows that as carbon dioxide goes up，temperature will rise，too．But some scientists don't agree．They think the effect of human produced greenhouse gases is very small compared to the normal changes that the climate causes．
    65．D
    When asked whether humans are causing the world warming，Carl Wunsch，a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology says，"It seems very likely from what I've seen．Is it 100% sure？No．There is something to do with natural changes．"Does that mean we should have a"wait-and-see"attitude？Not according to Wunsch．He points out we buy house insurance not because we are sure our homes will be on fire，but because it's a danger we'd rather avoid．

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    20．Christopher Thomas，27，was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast．Diagnosed with diabetes（糖尿病），Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin（胰岛素） three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage，blindness and even death．And if that weren't bad enough，he had no health insurance．
    After a month of feeling upset，Thomas decided he'd better find a way to fight back．He left Canton，Michigan for New York，got a job waiting tables，nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar，and created diabeticrockstar．com，a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones-a place where over 1，100people share personal stories，information and resources．
    Jason Swencki's son，Kody，was diagnosed with diabetes at six．Father and son visit the online children's forums together most evenings．"Kody gets so excited，writing to kids from all over，"says Swencki，one of the site's volunteers．"They know what he's going through，so he doesn't feel alone．"
    Kody is anything but alone：Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States，with 24million diagnosed cases．And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages．These days，Thomas's main focus is his charity，Fight It，which provides medicines and supplies to people-225to date-who can't afford a diabetic's huge expenses．Fight-it．org has raised about﹩23，000-in products and in cash．In May，Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean．
    Even with a staff of 22volunteers，Thomas often devotes up to 50hours a week to his cause，while still doing his full-time job waiting tables．"Of the diabetes charities out there，most are putting money into finding a cure，"says Bentley Gubar，one of Rockstar's original members．"But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now．"

    56．Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas？C
    A．He needs to go to the doctor every day．
    B．He studies the leading cause of diabetes．
    C．He has a positive attitude to his disease．
    D．He encourages diabetics by writing articles．
    57．Diabeitcrockstar．com was created forA．
    A．diabetics to communicate 
    B．volunteers to find jobs
    C．children to amuse themselves 
    D．rock stars to share resources
    58．According to the text，KodyB．
    A．feel lonely because of his illness
    B．benefits from diabeticrockstar．com
    C．helps create the online kid's forums
    D．writes children's stories online
    59．What can we learn about Fight It？A
    A．It helps the diabetics in financial difficulties．
    B．It organizes parties for volunteer once a year．
    C．It offers less expensive medicine to diabetics．
    D．It owns a well-known medical web-site．
    60．The last paragraph suggests that ThomasC．
    A．works full-time in a diabetes charity
    B．employs 22people for his website
    C．helps diabetics in his own way
    D．tries to find a cure for diabetes．

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