Question

Make Up Your Mind to Succeed

Kind?hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone's a winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”

Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind?sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here's how they work：

A fixed mind?set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic—you're a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind?set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it's quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.

On the other hand, a growth mind?set believes that no talent is entirely heaven?sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego(自尊) isn't on the line as much, the growth mind?set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.

We are all born with growth mind?sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn't be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind?sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck's book, Mind?set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.

1.What does the author think about the present generation?

A．They don't do well at school.

B．They are often misunderstood.

C．They are eager to win in sports.

D．They are given too much praise.

2.A fixed mind?set person is probably one who ________.

A．doesn't want to work hard

B．cares a lot about personal safety

C．cannot share his ideas with others

D．can succeed with the help of teachers

3.What does the growth mind?set believe?

A．Admitting failure is shameful.

B．Talent comes with one's birth.

C．Scores should be highly valued.

D．Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.

4.What should parents do for their children based on Dweck's study?

A．Encourage them to learn from failures.

B．Prevent them from making mistakes.

C．Guide them in doing little things.

D．Help them grow with praise.

 

Answer 1

1.D

2.A

3.D

4.A

【解析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了两种不同的心态对待失败的态度。the fixed mind?set和the growth mind?set对待失败有着不同的认识并且会采取不同的方式来对待失败。

1.推理判断题。根据第一段的“As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them ‘the overpraised generation.’”可知作者是同意这个教授的说法的，指现在的孩子们是属于被过度表扬的一代人。A“他们在校学习不好”，B“他们经常被误会”，没有提及这个信息；C“他们渴望在比赛中获胜”；与原文的“scores and performance were played down”“分数被看轻”这个信息矛盾。

2.细节理解题。从第三段的“The fixed mind?set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort…”可知具有这种心态的人不会去努力付出。B“关注个人安全”；C“不与他人分享看法”；D“在老师的帮助下可以成功”；均与事实不符。

3.细节理解题。结合第四段的“When faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again.In fact, it enjoys this experience.”可知具有这种心态的人认为解决困难是一种享受。

4.推理判断题。Dweck教授研究了两种对待失败的心态以及采取的不同行动，告诉了父母们应该鼓励孩子们从失败中学习，获取经验和教训，而不是去责备他人或者逃避困难等，所以选A。B“阻止他们犯错误”；C“指导他们做小事”；D“用表扬来帮助他们成长”；均与事实不符。