Question

The human body is a living machine ,and, like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. This is provided by the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy?

The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1℃.The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart below shows. Also, the number of calories you use at any moment normally depends on the activity you are in. For example, you need more calories for standing than for sitting, more for running than for walking, and so on.

The energy in food is mainly in the form of three kinds of chemical materials—carbohydrate（糖类）,protein and fat. Carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm（calories per gram） of energy, protein 4.0 Cal/gm and fat 8.8 Cal/gm. Each food contains different amounts of these materials, as the second chart shows.

Chart Ⅰ

CALORIES NEEDED PER DAY
BABY	750
OFFICE WORKER	2 700
CHILD AGED 8	2 100
WOMAN FEEDING BABY	2 700
MAN OVER 70	2 100
BOY AGED 16	3 000
WOMAN	3 600
FARMER	2 600

Chart Ⅱ

	FAT	PROTEIN	CARBOHYDRATE
MILK	30%	30%	40%
RICE	5%	10%	85%
PEANUTS	60%	30%	10%

1.____ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5 kg of water from 35 ℃ to 90 ℃?

A.55　　　　　　　　 B.175　　　　　　 C.325　　　　　　 D.275

2.If you lack for calories to support your running activities you’d better take more ____.

A. milk　　　　　　 B. peanuts C. rice　　　　　　 D. milk and rice

3.We may learn from the charts that ____.

A. a child aged eight requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does

B. a boy aged sixteen requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged eight does

C. a mother with a baby to feed uses up more calories than a hard-working farmer each day

D. an old man needs less calories than an 8-year-old boy on account of his less movement

4.Which of the following statements agrees with the passage and the charts above?

A. You need more calories for swimming that for mountain climbing.

B. If you take an equal amount of Vitamin containing the calories you need, you don’t need to eat any food at all.

C. Different people need different amounts of energy depending on their age, sex and the activities they are in.

D.3 grams of milk provides 16.6 calories because carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm, protein 4.0 Cal/gm, and fat 8.8 Cal/gm.

 

Answer 1

1.解析：该题为计算题。由文章中A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1℃一句话的说明，我们可以这样来计算：5×（90-35）=275。

答案：D

2.该题为计算题。由文章第三段可以知道：单位质量的fat比其他两者提供的热量要高。由Chart Ⅱ可以知道，单位质量的花生含fat多，因此提供的热量就高。

答案：B

3. 解析：通过对比两个图表的说明和分析计算，A、B、C三项不正确。

答案：C

4.解析：A项没有具体的说明，没有可比性；B项描述不正确，根据常识也可以淘汰；D项应该如此计算：3×30%×8.8+3×30%×4.0+3×40%×3.8=16.08。

答案：C