Question

1．Hospitals not only treat infections-they can also cause them．
In the United States alone，the number of infections in hospitals is estimated at close to two million each year．About one hundred thousand patients die．
A new government report notes that very little progress has been made in reducing what are called health care-associated infections．The most common are infections of the urinary tract（尿路），surgical site and bloodstream．
Many infections have been increasing even as hospitals have made efforts to improve．About forty percent of all health care-associated infections are linked to the use of catheters．A tube is placed inside the body to collect urine（尿液），so the patient does not have to get out of bed．
But the latest report says urinary tract infections after surgery increased more than three and a half percent．It says catheters should be used only if necessary．
Another way to prevent infections is to give patients antibiotics before surgery．Doctors are advised to give them within the hour before the operation．Patients who get antibiotics earlier than one hour are more likely to get an infected surgical wound．Also，doctors are advised to discontinue the antibiotics within twenty-four hours after the surgery．The report says longer than that is usually not necessary．It can increase the risk of antibiotic resistance．
Kathleen Sebelius is secretary of health and human services．She noted that racial and ethnic minorities were less likely to have insurance and less likely to get the treatments they needed．She called the report numbers"troubling．"
But she also said the health care reforms passed by Congress will improve the quality of care for all Americans．She said the new law will reward quality over quantity of care，creating a system that prevents diseases before more costly treatment is required．
49．What do we learn about healthcare-associated infections from this passage？C
A．It is a new disease that is discovered by American doctors．
B．It is not reported in other countries but the United States．
C．It is connected with what doctors do to treat their patients．
D．It is so deadly that it kills two million people every year．
50．In this passage antibiotics are used toB．
A．reduce pain                      B．prevent infections
C．shorten operation time              D．make patients sleep
51．From the last paragraph but one we know Kathleen Sebelius isA．
A．very optimistic about the situation
B．quite worried about the minorities
C．suffering from the infection herself
D．blaming doctors for their slow response 
52．What can be inferred from the passage？B
A．Antibiotics may be the most effective way to resist infection after surgery．
B．Some ethnic minorities without insurance are in need of basic treatments．
C．Hospitals are where infections are least likely to take place．
D．Hospitals have made great progress in reducing healthcare-associated infections．

Answer 1

分析 本文讲述了医院不仅治疗感染，也会导致感染，并指出了医院避免导致病人感染的途径，最后说到美国国会通过的医疗改革法案将改善所有美国人的医疗保健质量．

解答 49：答案 C  推理判断题．由文章内容可知，医院不仅治疗感染，也会导致感染，大约40%的health care-associated infections与使用导尿管有关，由此可推知health care-associated infections与医生的治疗有关，故C项正确．
50：答案 B 细节理解题．由文章第六段的第一句可知，防止感染的另外一个方法是在手术前为病人注射抗生素．故选B项．
51：答案 A 推理判断题．文章最后一段Kathleen Sebelius说：国会通过的医疗改革法案将改善所有美国人的医疗保健质量．新法案将更加重视保健的质量而不是数量，还将建立一个疾病预防系统，以避免（患病后所需的）昂贵的治疗．由此可知她对将来的保健状况十分乐观．
52：答案 B  推理判断题．根据文章倒数第二段中的"She noted that racial and ethnic minorities were less likely to have insurance and less likely to get the treatments they needed．"可知少数民族人士很少有医疗保险，也很少能得到所需的治疗．故可推知B项正确．

点评 细节推断题是推理判断题中比较简单的一类试题，它要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等．解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断．考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，就可作出准确的推断．
对于细节推断题来说，根据文章中的关键信息点进行推断是解答此类试题的关键．考生不但要理解文章的字面含义，还要运用逻辑判断能力，推断出文章更深层的含义．同时还要根据文章内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测．考生要注意站在文章作者或文中人物的立场上，设身处地地考虑实际情景，并据此展开合理的想象和推理．主观臆断是许多考生做这类题时普遍存在的一个问题．