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    　　In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business, but he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph.

    　　The next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another French, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.

    　　Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.

    　　In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to carry lots of films and processing equipment. But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States. After the 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.

    　　Mathew Brady was a well-known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality (个性). Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.

    　　In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography…Photographers could buy films ready made in rolls (卷). So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.

    　　With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favorite places. They called these pictures “snapshot”. Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawing.

    　　Photography also turned into a form of art by the end of the 10th century. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.

    1．The passage is mainly about ________.

    [　　]

    A．the invention of cameras

    B．a kind of new art-photography

    C．the development of photography

    D．the important dates in the history of photography

    2．The first pictures of a war were taken by ________.

    [　　]

    A．a French photographer in the 1840s

    B．an American photographer in the 1860s

    C．a German reporter in the 1880s

    D．a French artist in the 1890s

    3．Photography can also be an art form because artists can ________.

    [　　]

    A．take anything they like

    B．keep a record of real life

    C．take photos of the famous

    D．show ideas and feeling in pictures

    4．According to the passage, which of the followings shows the correct order?

    a．Photographs became popular in newspapers.

    b．Photographers carried processing equipment while taking pictures.

    c．The invention of small handheld cameras made photography easier.

    d．Daguerre invented a kind of photograph called daguerreotype.

    e．Brady took pictures of famous people.

    [　　]

    A．e,a,d,b,c
    B．d,b,e,c,a
    C．b,e,c,a,d
    D．d,c,e,a,b
    答案：C;B;D;B
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    阅读理解。
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    Category　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1998　　　　1999 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　                                                                       (percent)　 (percent) 　　
    Flight problems…………………………………   20.0%　　　 22.1% 　　
    Baggage …………………………………………  18.3%　 　　21.8% 　　
    Customer service ………………………………   13.1%　　　 11.3% 　　
    Over sales of seats ……………………………… 10.5%　 　　11.8% 　　
    Refund problems ………………………………   10.1%　　　  8.1% 　　
    Fares ……………………………………………   6.4%　　　   6.0% 　　
    Reservations and ticketing ………………………  5.8%　　　   5.6% 　　
    Tours ……………………………………………  3.3%　　　　2.3% 　　
    Smoking …………………………………………  3.2%　　　   2.9% 　　
    Advertising ………………………………………  1.2%　　　　1.1% 　　
    Credit ……………………………………………  1.0%　　　   0.8% 　　
    Special passengers ………………………………  0.9%　　　   0.9% 　　
    Other ……………………………………………   6.2%　　　   5.3% 　　
    Total　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　   100.%　 　   100.%　 　　
    Total Number of Complaints　　　 　　　        22,988　　　 13,278 49
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    [     ]
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    [     ]
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    [     ]
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