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    In ancient times, the most important exams were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry or giving speeches.

    In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as apart of the process testing candidates for the doctor’s degree.

    Generally, however, modern exams are written. The written exam, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the 19th century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state exam timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Of course, during exams, teachers and students are expected to act like machines.

    One type of test is sometimes called an “objective” test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective text, the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has one correct answer. Along with each question, the teacher writes the answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.

     

    72. In the Middle Ages, students_________.

    A. took objective tests                 B. specialized in one subject

    C. were timed by electric clocks  D. seldom wrote exams

    73 The main idea of the third paragraph is that_______.

    A. workers now take exams               B. the population has grown

    C. there are only written exams today  D. exams are now written and timed

    74. The kind of exams where students must select answer are______.

    A. personal    B. objective    C. spoken    D. written

    75. Modern industry must have developed_____.

    A. before the Middle Ages      B. around the 19th century

    C. in Greece or Rome            D. machine to take tests

    DDBB
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