Question

19．The common cold is the world's most widespread illness，which is plagues（疫病） that flesh receives．
The most widespread fallacy（谬误） of all is that colds caused by cold．They are not．They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person．You catch a cold by coming into contact，directly or indirectly，with someone who already has one．If cold causes colds，it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos（爱斯基摩人） to suffer from them forever．But they do not．And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes．
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches（战壕），cold and wet，showed no increased tendency to catch colds．
In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp（集中营），naked and starving，were astonished to find that they seldom had colds．At the Common Cold Research Unit in England，volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time．After taking hot baths，they put on bathing suits，allowed themselves to be with cold water，and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room．Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion．Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose．
If，then，cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds，why are they more frequent in the winter？Despite the most pains-taking research，no one has yet found the answer．One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times，and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on．
No one has yet found a cure for the cold．There are drugs and pain suppressors（止痛片） such as aspirin，but all they do is relieve the symptoms（症状）．
41． The writer offeredBexamples to support his argument．
A.4                    B.5                C.6                D.3
42．Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage？C
A．The Eskimos（爱斯基摩人） do not suffer from colds all the time．
B．Colds are not caused by cold．
C．People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors．
D．A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one．
43． Arctic explorers may catch colds whenD．
A．they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C．they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world
44．Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research UnitA．
A．suffered a lot                         
B．never caught colds
C．often caught colds                     
D．became very strong
45．The passage mainly discussesC．
A．the experiments on the common cold      
B．the cures about the common cold
C．the reason and the way people catch colds  
D．the continued spread of common colds．

Answer 1

分析 本文首先用大量事例从不同的侧面分析感冒不是由寒冷引起的，最后提出冬天得感冒的可能原因．

解答 41．B．细节题．根据由第 2 段的两个例子、第 3 段的 1 个例子和第 4 段的两个例子可知 B 为正确选项．
42．C．细节题． 根据 One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times，and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on 可知人们得感冒不是因为喜欢呆在家里，而是因为经常呆在一起病毒更容易感染，故选 C．
43．D．细节题．根据 And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes 可知北极地区探险者是因为与外界接触后才得感冒的，故选 D．
44．A．细节题．根据 After taking hot baths，they put on bathing suits，allowed themselves to be with cold water，and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room．Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion 可知志愿者要遭受极大的痛苦，故选 A．
45．C．主旨题．阅读全文可知本文首先用大量事例从不同的侧面分析感冒不是由寒冷引起的，最后提出冬天得感冒的可能原因．由此可知 C 为正确答案．

点评 在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机，事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西．