Question

When I worked as a waitress in Chicago, US, my coworkers and I would sigh whenever we heard someone with a foreign accent coming into our restaurant. We knew what it meant to serve a non-American: no tip. We would work just as hard as we always did, but we might not get paid.
Americans have an unspoken rule about tipping: they give tips to almost everyone who offers them a service of some kind. Americans tip their waiters, barbers and taxi drivers. An appropriate tip is between 15 and 20 percent of the amount charged for the service (But the charge for the tip doesn’t appear on the bill. The customer is expected to add it himself/herself.) Tipping less than this sends a message to your waiters that you think they’ve done a bad job serving you. And to leave no tip at all is simply unacceptable.
It’s not that American waiters are greedy. In many countries, waiters are paid a salary for their work. They’ll earn money even if no one comes into the restaurant. This system offers much more safety for waiters than the American version. In the US, waiters know that a night without customers means a night without pay.
Some countries include a tip for waiters – a “service charge” – on the bill itself. Since the tip is included with the other charges, waiters don’t need to worry about people forgetting to tip. But in the US, waiters do not receive a salary, and service charges only appear on bills when there are six or more customers at the table.
Since almost all American customers are familiar with the system, they know to add a tip without being told. But visitors to the US may expect waiters to be paid a salary, or think that the tip is included on the bill.
So much as we waiters loved hearing stories about other places from our foreign customers, we were always nervous when they got ready to leave the restaurant. We were never sure what to expect.
小题1:If you order $200 worth of food, which of the following is a proper total payment?

A．$200

B．$215

C．$220

D．$230

小题2:Why don’t some foreigners tip a waiter according to the writer?.

A．because they are unfamiliar with the American tip system .

B．because they are too mean to give tips to any waiter.

C．because they have difficulty communicating with waiters.

D．because they are not really easy to become satisfied.

小题3:What can we learn from the passage?
A. The service charge never appear on the bill in the USA.
B. Customers are usually expected to tip waiters in the USA.
C. Dining out in other countries is much more expensive than in the USA.
D. Waiters in other countries earn much more money than those in the USA.
小题4:What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To complain about the difficult life of American waiters.

B．To warn other waiters not to serve any foreign customer.

C．To call on foreign customers to leave tips for American waiters.

D．To tell us something about American waiters’ salary system.

Answer 1

小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:D

试题分析：本文叙述在美国服务行业的小费是普遍现象，是一个不成文的规定，因为在美国，服务员没有工资，只有客人给的服务费，才是自己的收入。
小题1:这是细节理解题。根据An appropriate tip is between 15 and 20 percent of the amount charged for the service (But the charge for the tip doesn’t appear on the bill. 故选D。
小题2:这是细节理解题。根据But visitors to the US may expect waiters to be paid a salary, or think that the tip is included on the bill.外国人不熟悉这里小费的事情，故选A。
小题3:这是细节理解题。根据Americans have an unspoken rule about tipping: they give tips to almost everyone who offers them a service of some kind.故选B。
小题4:这是写作意图题。根据从全文来看，讲述了美国的服务人员的小费问题，故选D。
点评：阅读理解题目中的作者意图题目可以包括意图、态度、目的题目， 在考试中出现的比率很大。不同的文章可能有不同的写作意图,但写作意图通常有以下三种：1）to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑） 2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）