【题目】Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Write your answer on the answer sheet.
When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think: “I’m going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!” But however determined we are, chances are that we don’t stick to our promise. This behavior is called “bedtime procrastination(拖延症)”.
According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the 2,400 participants said they didn’t follow their sleep schedule, delaying it at least twice a week.
It’s found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn’t stop doing other unimportant things, which were keeping them up in the first place.
“People who generally have trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed.” Floor Kroese, a psychologist at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.
Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame. Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time. In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.
“The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough,” Jane Kuhnel, a psychologist at Ulm University, concluded in Popular Science. “Biological processes need to support this intention.”
People always think that bedtime procrastination isn’t a big problem, but as Kroese told Popular Science, “the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health.”
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【答案】Two studies carried out separately in Netherlands and Germany find that lack of self-control and the influence of body clock on sleep are to blame for “bedtime procrastination”, the behavior of delaying going to bed. Psychologists reached the conclusion by following participants’ sleep schedule and studying sleep patterns. They warn that bedtime procrastination is potentially bad for health.
【解析】
这是一篇概要写作。
写作步骤
1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文,掌握文章主旨。这篇文章主要说明了荷兰和德国分别进行的两项研究发现,缺乏自控能力和生物钟对睡眠的影响是“睡前拖延症”的罪魁祸首。心理学家通过跟踪参与者的睡眠时间表和研究睡眠模式得出了这一结论。他们警告说,睡前拖延症可能对健康有害。
2)弄清结构,归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要,不是写某一部分的概要,或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构,归纳文章各段大意。
3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4)在写作时要特别注意下面几点:
(1)概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。
(2)安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。
(3)注意要点之间的衔接,要用适当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。
(4)不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
(5)计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求。
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