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    12．Over the past half century，using chemical fertilizers have become very common in farming．have→has．

    分析 在过去的半个世纪，在农业上使用化学肥料已经很普遍了．

    解答 答案：have→has
    根据句意，主语为"using chemical fertilizers"这是一个动名词做主语，谓语需用单数，即has．

    点评 考查学生基本语法知识，动名词做主语时，谓语需用单数．

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