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    The invention of the electric telegraph gave birth to the communications industry. Although Samuel B. Morse succeeded in making the invention useful in 1837, it was not until 1843 that the first important telegraph line was constructed. By 1860 more than 50,000 miles of lines connected people east of the Rockies. The following year, San Francisco was added to the network.
    The national telegraph network strengthened the ties between East and West and contributed to the rapid expansion of the railroads by providing an efficient means to monitor schedules and routes. Furthermore, the extension of the telegraph, combined with the invention of the steam-driven rotary printing press by Richard
    M. Hoe in 1846, revolutionized the world of journalism. Where the business of news gathering had been dependent upon the mail and on hand-operated presses, the telegraph expanded the amount of information a newspaper could supply and allowed for more timely reporting. The creating of the Associated Press as a central wire service in 1846 marked the arrival of a new era (纪元) in journalism.
    71. The main topic of the passage is        .
    A. the history of journalism                                B. the origin of the national telegraph
    C. how the telegraph network contributed to the expansion of railroads
    D. the contributions and development of the telegraph network
    72. The word "gathering" in line 11 refers to        .
    A. people                    B. information                   
    C. objects                                     D. substances
    73. The author's main purpose in this passage is to         .
    A. compare the invention of the telegraph with the invention of the steam-driven rotary press
    B. propose new ways to develop the communications industry
    C. show how the electric telegraph affected the communications industry
    D. criticize Samuel B. Morse
    74. This passage would most likely be found in a        .
    A. U.S. history book   B. book on trains  
    C. science textbook D. computer magazine
    75. It can be inferred from the passage that          .
    A. Samuel Morse did not make a significant contribution to the communications industry
    B. Morse's invention did not immediately achieve its full potential (潜力)
    C. the extension of the telegraph was more important than its invention
    D. journalists have the Associated Press to thank for the birth of the communications industry

    小题1:D
    小题2:C
    小题3:A
    小题4:B
    小题5:B
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?
    　　Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.
    　　A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.
    　　Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage(电压) transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.
    　　The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?
    　　Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated(隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.
    1. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they _______.
    　　A. generally possess certain inspiring characteristics
    　　B. probably share some weaknesses of ordinary people
    　　C. are often influenced by previous generations
    　　D. all unknowingly attract a large number of fans
    2. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that ____.
    　　A. they have a vision from the mountaintop
    　　B. they have warm feelings and emotions
    　　C. they can serve as concrete(具体的) examples of noble principles
    　　D. they can make people feel stronger and more confident
    3. Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ________.
    　　A. they are popular only among certain groups of people
    　　B. their performances do not improve their fans morally
    　　C. their primary concern is their own financial interests
    　　D. they are not clear about the principles they should follow
    4. Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who ___.
    　　A. are good at demonstrating their charming characters
    　　B. can move the masses with the skill and the charm
    　　C. are capable of meeting all challenges and hardships
    　　D. can provide an answer to the problems of their people
    5. The author concludes that historical changes would ______.
    　　A. be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualities
    　　B. not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrifices
    　　C. take place if there were heroes to lead the people
    　　D. produce leaders with attractive personalities

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
    阅读下列短文，从所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
    Science summer camps are one of the best ways to improve creativity of students and teach them a practical approach towards science and its applications （应用）．Students taking part in the camps can learn to appreciate science and technology at an early age, to be better positioned for further learning and finally better prepared to face challenges．Apart from theories, scientific experiments and discussions are encouraged at these camps．
    The science summer camps are usually held between June and August and it’s good for parents to start planning their children’s summer camps at least 6 to 7 months in advance．This period of time provides an opportunity for them to do proper research and save money．With more than 2,000 summer camps in the US, there is a wide variety for parents to choose from．If the child doesn’t like biology, there  is no point sending him to an anatomy （解剖学） science camp．Likewise （同样地）, if one thinks that his child limits himself to books throughout the school year, he should try and choose camps which provide students with an opportunity to move out in the open and be physically active．To make the task easier, there are many websites which provide online resource materials to help parents select a summer camp that fits the needs of their children．
    Generally, a science summer camp costs between $ 150 and $ 500, depending on where the camp is located, how long it lasts and of course what subject it covers．Some of them also provide scholarships （奖学金） for bright students to encourage them．
    56．A science summer camp offers students      ．
    A．chances to be well prepared for future study
    B．chances to research and save money
    C．ways to get online resource materials
    D．chances to live independently
    57．What does the underlined word “them” in the second paragraph refer to?
    A．Students     B．Organizers CScientists             D．Parents
    58．We can infer （推断） from the second paragraph that        ．
    A．it’s important for children to relax at the summer camps
    B．online resource materials can help to organize a summer camp
    C．proper camps should be chosen for children according to their needs
    D．different parents should be chosen for children according to their needs
    59．What do the costs of a science summer camp depend on?
    A．Organizers’ efforts and suggestions．  B．Location, time and content．
    C．Students’ likes and dislikes．       D．Effects and benefits．

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    Good news for game lovers― a tank game has come out recently. In this game you are in a tank and the screen shows your view of the landscape outside. You gain points by shooting enemy tanks, supertanks, missiles (导弹) and flying saucers（飞碟）.
    Expert players can gain scores of around 150,000 points at this game. To get a high score you have to destroy twenty tanks as quickly as possible. After this, the supertanks, missiles and flying saucers appear. These are worth far more points than the ordinary tanks. However, the number of tanks you have to destroy before the supertanks appear varies on different machines.
    Try to get close to an enemy tank from the side or the back, so it cannot shoot at you. Then, when you get close, turn to face it, line it up in your sights and fire before it turns to shoot at you. If you miss or are too slow, quickly escape by moving out of the enemy's line of fire. You can then move around the enemy and come in from another side.
    When a supertank appears, try to destroy it as quickly as possible. Then wait safely behind an obstacle（障碍物）for a missile or flying saucer. The cubes are useful objects to hide behind as you can fire over them without exposing yourself to danger. The missiles will fly straight at you, but they are difficult to hit, so do not shoot at them until they are quite close. The saucers are much easier to hit, but do not follow them as you will be open to attack from enemy tanks. 
    60. This passage is an / a ______ about a game.
    A. instruction    B. liberation        C. tradition     D. construction
    61. If you hide behind the cubes during an attack, which of the following may not happen?
    A. Avoiding being exposed to danger     B. Destroying a missile
    C. Firing over missiles or flying saucers   D. Being hit by a missile
    62. If you can destroy a supertank, missile or flying saucer, you will get_____.
    A. many more points        B. a machine to play with
    C. an ordinary tank         D. nothing
    63. From the last sentence we can see that you are likely to be attacked by tanks if you_____.
    A. hit a flying saucer            B. run after a flying saucer
    C. fire straight at a missile        D. shoot at enemy tanks

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    D
    Providing small classes for at least several grades starting in early primary school gives students the best chance to succeed in late grades, according to groundbreaking new research from a Michigan State University scholar.
    The research by Spyros Konstantopoulos, a professor of education, is the first to examine the effects of class size over a period and for all levels of students. The study appears in the American Journal of Education.
    He is also a member of a group for the Department of Education’s Instiute of Education Sciences that will give official advice on class size to the states. He said the advice will mirror his research: the best plan is to provide continuous small classes(13 to 17 students) for at least several years starting in kindergarten or first grade.
    “For a logn time states thought they could just do it in kindergarten or first grade for one year and get the benefits,” He said. “I don’t believe that. I think you need at least a few years in a row where all students, and especially low-achievers, receive the treatment, and then you see the benefits later.”
    His research used data from the Project Star study in Tennessee that analyzed the effects of class size on more than 11,000 students in primary and middle school. He found that students who had been in small classes from kindergarten through third grade had actually higher test scores in grades four through eight than students who been in larger classes early on.
    Students from all achievement levels benefited from small classes, the research found. “But low-achievers benefited the most, which narrowed the achievement gap with high –achievers in science, reading and math, ” he said.
    Although the study didn’t consider classroom practices, he said the reason for the narrowing gap is likely due to low-achieving students receiving more attention from teachers.
    “This is especially important in poorer schools because teacher effectiveness matters more in schools with more disadvantaged and low-performing students, ” he said.
    48．The professor argues about ________ .
    A．the size of the class
    B．the period of the class
    C．the attention from teachers
    D．the achievements of students
    49．The result of the research shows that _________.
    A．small classes for one year in early grade are enough
    B．continuous small classes help students achieve more
    C．it’s best to attend small classes in kindergarten
    D．small classes do equal good to students of all levels
    50．What can we infer from the passage?
    A．High achievers will not benefit from small classes.
    B．Continuous small classes have not been widely accepted.
    C．Low-achievers should be separated from high-achievers.
    D．Teachers’ attention matters less than classroom practices.
    51．The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph refers to _______.
    A．the gap between low and high achievers
    B．continuous small classes
    C．classroom practices in later grades
    D．the Project Star Sturdy

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    A breathtaking trick potentially left over from our ancestors might be found in us — the ability to sense oxygen through our skin.
    Amphibians, animals such as frogs that can live both on land and in water, have long been known to be capable of breathing through their skin. In fact, the first known lungless frog that breathes only through its skin was discovered recently in the rivers of Borneo.
    Now the same oxygen sensors found in frog skins and in the lungs of mammals (哺乳动物) have unexpectedly been discovered in the skin of mice.
    “No one had ever looked,” explained Randall Johnson, a biologist researcher.
    Mice and frogs are quite distant relatives, so the fact they have these molecules (分子) in common in their skin suggests they might well be found in the skin of other mammals, such as humans.
    “We have no reason to think that they are not in the skin of people too,” Johnson said.   These molecules not only detect oxygen, but help increase levels of vital red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Normal mice breathing in air that is 10 percent oxygen—a dangerously low level similar to conditions at the top of Mount Everest, and about half that of air at sea level. However, mice that had the oxygen sensor HIF-1a genetically removed from their skin failed to produce this hormone (荷尔蒙) even after hours of such low oxygen.
    These findings, if they hold true in humans, suggest one could raise the level of oxygen circulating inside the body. This could help treat lung diseases and disorders such as anemia (贫血症) without injecting drugs, which make up a multibillion-dollar market, Johnson said.
    Athletes also often try to get more oxygen delivered to their muscles in order to improve their performance. They often do this by training at high altitudes or in low-oxygen tents. The new study suggests they might want to expose their skin as well as breathing in low-oxygen air to improve their performance. “It’s hard to say what exactly might be done, however—there’s a lot we don’t know yet,” Johnson explained.
    The scientists detailed their findings in the April 18 issue of the journal Cell.
    49. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
    A. Johnson believes that Oxygen sensors also exist in human skin.
    B. People have to surf the Internet to read detailed findings.
    C. It has been proved that these findings help treat lung diseases.
    D. It has long been expected oxygen sensors exist in mice’s skin. 
    50. One of the functions of the molecules mentioned above is _______.
    A. carrying oxygen around the body                   B. improving athletes’ performance
    C. detecting oxygen                                          D. increasing level of oxygen
    51. What is Johnson’s attitude to the application of the findings to the athletes’ training?
    A. Negative                  B. Doubting                  C. Positive             D. Hesitating
    52. The best title of the passage may be _______.
    A. Great Findings Benefits Athletes A Lot
    B. Frogs And Mice Are Distant Relatives
    C. First Known Animal Breathes Through Skin
    D. Humans Might Sense Oxygen Through Skin

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    The following conversation is between Susan Russell-Robinson from the US Geological （地质学的）Survey and Barbara Reynolds from USA Today .
    Q: Why , after 600 years of no activity , did Mount Pinatubo in Philippines erupt（喷发）in 1991 ?
    A: Volcanoes （火山）each have their own eruption styles . This volcano probably has a rule which makes it erupt in the order of every 500 to 1000 years , but a volcano in Hawaii seems to erupt every year , and some of the Alaskan volcanoes might erupt every 10 or 20 years .
    Q: So nothing caused it ?
    A: There’s nothing out of the ordinary . If you were to take an ordinary calendar year , 50 to 75 or 80 volcanoes erupt around the world every year . There are 20 to 30 volcanoes every month that show signs of unrest . That might be a full-blown eruption or a whole host of activities like that .
    Q: What is “the ring of fire” ?
    A: If you look at where active volcanoes are placed around the world , there are somewhere between 500 and 600 of them . There is what appears to be almost a necklace that goes around the Pacific Ocean . It makes a ring where 60% of the world’s volcanoes lie .
    Q: Why such a concentration（集中）there ?
    A: That’s based on a theory that the oceans and the continents are like separate pieces . When they move , one might ride up over the other one . In this case , the Pacific Ocean goes under the continents and when that happens it seems to produce magma （熔岩）at depth and then you have volcanoes in the same ring .
    1．What kind of writing do you think this passage is ?
    A．A text taken from a geography book .    B．An interview published in the press .
    C．A conversation carried out in a film .     D．An oral test recorded as an example .
    2．Which of the following statements can correctly explain why we have so many volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean ?
    A．The movement of the surface of the earth makes it possible.
    B．The Pacific Ocean produces magma and presses it everywhere.
    C．The oceans and the continents are separated from each other.
    D．The earth’s surface around the Pacific is thinner than any other part.
    3．Barbara Reynolds’ main purpose here is______________ .
    A．to show how dangerous volcanoes are to the world
    B．to learn what signs a volcano gives us before its eruption
    C．to warn the world of the existence of “the ring of fire”
    D．to introduce some general idea of volcanoes to the public
    4．Which of the following can be considered as the best conclusion of the conversation?
    A．There are so many volcanoes in the world and we are always in danger.
    B．Volcanoes have erupted more frequently than ever before.
    C．Volcanoes are waiting to be better known.
    D．Something must be done to protect the people near the ring of fire.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    A branch of psychology called neurolinguistic programming has made an interesting and useful discovery :You can change the way you imagine or remember things without changing what you imagine, and it will change your feelings．For example, if a visual memory makes you sad whenever you think about it, you can make that mental picture smaller and dimmer, and when you do, the memory won’t make you as sad．Since you haven’t changed the content of the memory, you haven’t lost any information．You have simply made it less painful．
    When you visually remember a pleasant memory, you can made the picture more colorful and the money will give you even more intense good feelings．You can make your pictures of the future brighter, wider , deeper, or you can bring the images closer．Changes like these will make you feel different--- even when you leave the content of the picture the same．
    These are general guidelies （指导方针）．You’ll need to experiment for yourself to find out what will work for a particular image．For a few people, making an exciting picture brighter makes the feelings less intense．And for some kinds of pictures, increasing the brightness would cause the feelings to become less intense --- for example, a romantic memory．
    What is true for visual images also applies to the way you talk to yourself．
    For example, if you have trouble motivating yourself , try changing the tone of voice you use when you spread to yourself．Some people order themselves about ．The voice they use to talk to themselves is harsh and commanding．Listening to yourself being bossy can have the same effect as listening to someone else being bossy: It can make you want to rebel．Change your tone to friendly or seductive, and you might feel more motivated ．When you tell yourself, “I can do it,” fill your internal voice with enthusiasm and back it up with inspiring music．The possibilities are in fact endless．
    The important thing to understand is that they way you code your inner world has an impact , and you have quite a bit of control over that coding．You can change it deliberately．When you do , it will change your feelings, which change your actions, which will change the world around you．．
    1．Which is the best title of the passage?
    A．You Can Change the World Around You
    B．Be Merry
    C．You Can Change People’s Attitude towards You
    D．Talk to Yourself in a Friendly Way
    2．The underlined word  “deliberately “ can be replaced by ___
    A．by change          B．on purpose          C．difficultly          D．wiser
    3．We can infer that if we make a sad mental picture bigger and brighter, we can become _____
    A．happier      B．sadder             C．calmer            D．wiser．
    4．What does the underlined sentence “Some people order themselves around” suggest?
    A．Some people order a lot of food．
    B．Some people order others to follow their instructions
    C．Some people are very hard on themselves
    D．Some people are very strict with themselves．

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    第三部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
    阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
    Spiders are actually useful. They do not harm plants, as some people think. Instead, they protect plants by controlling insects. If you see spiders in a garden, it doesn’t mean the garden is unhealthy. It means the spiders are helping the garden stay healthy.
    If you spend some time watching spiders, you may be surprised by what you see. There are many wonderful webs. They may perform skillfully on their thin silk threads. However, some spiders spin (织) no webs at all. They follow insects on the ground with all the skill and cruelty of a tiger hunting big game.
    Scientists have named about 30,000 species of spiders, but they think this is only one-fourth of all the different kinds of spiders in the world. In most species, people can easily tell the female spider from the male because the female is much bigger. For example, the female black widow (黑寡妇) weighs about one hundred times as much as the male.
    Female spiders lay eggs. After hatching (孵), most spiders live less than a full year, but some don’t. Tarantulas (狼蛛) do not become adults until they are 10 or 11 years old. Female tarantulas often live an extra 10 years! The baby spiders that hatch from the eggs are called spiderlings.
    56. The underlined in Paragraph 2 part “a tiger hunting big game” refers to “______.”
    A. laying eggs                  B. hatching baby spiders
    C. spinning webs               D. catching insects
    57. How many kinds of spiders are there in the world according to the passage?
    A. About 30, 000.      B. About 60, 000.    C. About 90, 000.    D. About 120, 000.
    58. What can we know from the passage?
    A. If there are spiders in your garden, it means it is unhealthy.
    B. All spiders can spin webs.
    C. Normally, a male spider is smaller than a female one.
    D. All spiders can live 10 or 11 years after hatching.
    59. What will be probably talked about after the last paragraph?
    A. The way spiders spin webs.                   B. Something about spiderlings.
    C. How the spiders protect plants.                 D. The way spiders stay healthy.

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