Providing small classes for at least several grades starting in early primary school gives students the best chance to succeed in late grades, according to groundbreaking new research from a Michigan State University scholar.
The research by Spyros Konstantopoulos, a professor of education, is the first to examine the effects of class size over a period and for all levels of students. The study appears in the American Journal of Education.
He is also a member of a group for the Department of Education’s Institute of Education Sciences that will give official advice on class size to the states. He said the advice will mirror his research: the best plan is to provide continuous small classes(13 to 17 students) for at least several years starting in kindergarten or first grade.
“For a long time states thought they could just do it in kindergarten or first grade for one year and get the benefits,” He said. “I don’t believe that. I think you need at least a few years in a row where all students, and especially low-achievers, receive the treatment, and then you see the benefits later.”
His research used data（数据）from the Project Star study in Tennessee that analyzed the effects of class size on more than 11,000 students in primary and middle school. He found that students who had been in small classes from kindergarten through third grade had actually higher test scores in grades four through eight than students who been in larger classes early on.
Students from all achievement levels benefited from small classes, the research found. “But low-achievers benefited the most, which narrowed the achievement gap（差距）with high –achievers in science, reading and math, ” he said.
Although the study didn’t consider classroom practices, he said the reason for the narrowing gap is likely due to low-achieving students receiving more attention from teachers.
“This is especially important in poorer schools because teacher effectiveness matters more in schools with more disadvantaged and low-performing students, ” he said.
1．The professor argues about .
A．the size of the class
B．the period of the class
C．the attention from teachers
D．the achievements of students
2．The result of the research shows that .
A．small classes for one year in early grade are enough
B．continuous small classes help students achieve more
C．it’s best to attend small classes in kindergarten
D．small classes do equal good to students of all levels
3．What can we infer from the passage?
A．High achievers will not benefit from small classes.
B．Continuous small classes have not been widely accepted.
C．Low-achievers should be separated from high-achievers.
D．Teachers’ attention matters less than classroom practices.
4．The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph refers to .
A．the gap between low and high achievers
B．continuous small classes
C．classroom practices in later grades
D．the Project Star Sturdy
科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011学年山东省烟台市高三上学期模块检测英语卷 题型：阅读理解
The Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers has been named the greenest one in the world by the travel and tourist organization Skaal International, reported the Danish news agency Ritzau on Monday.
The hotel has been awarded the EcoTourism Award for setting an environmental-friendly example to other hotels, said the report.
The Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers is located in the Copenhagen suburb of Oerestad and has the largest solar cell facility in the Nordic. This facility delivers energy to the hotel while Danish groundwater supplies cooling and heating in the air condition of the hotel.
The Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers
TV and lights in the hotel are all of energy-saving brands. Shampoo bottles, toothbrushes and washing accessories are biologically degradable, which means that the nature can easily absorb the materials.
The hotel restaurant is only buying local goods and the food leftovers are used for bioenergy as well as fertilizer. The fitness facilities also provide a green touch to the hotel, as the training bikes of the fitness center are linked to the power grid（电网） of the hotel, thereby providing free energy if any guest wishes to exercise. People who do contribute free energy this way are supposedly getting a free meal in the hotel restaurant. “It is the first time that a Danish hotel receives this award. I think our throughout green thinking is the reason why we have been awarded. It is all the small details, as well as the big picture，” says Allan Agerholm, the CEO of the hotel, in a press release.
?The Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers opened its doors last year. Skaal International was founded in 1932 by travel managers and has approximately 20,000 members in 89 nations. It is an organization promoting global tourism.
1.Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A. Hotel in Copenhagen named world’s greenest
B. Copenhagen-the world’s greenest city
C. Eco Tourism Award in Copenhagen
D. The Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers
2.The hotel has been awarded the EcoTourism Award because .
A. delivers green energy to the hotels in Nordic
B. is located in the Copenhagen suburb not in the city center
C. has the largest solar cell facility
D. it sets an environmental-friendly example to other hotels
3.The underlined word “degradable” in passage 3 means it can be .
A. rejected by people who don’t like it
B. accepted by guests from all over the world
C. absorbed easily by nature
D. recycled by the nature
4. What is so special about the fitness facilities?
A. It is free for those who like to exercise.
B. It uses green power to drive.
C. It generates free electricity while being used.
D. It offers free meal to guests who use it.
5. What is Skaal International?
A. Another name for this green hotel.
B. An organization promoting global tourism.
C. The Danish news agency Ritzau.
D. A branch hotel restaurant in Danmark.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012届广西柳铁一中高三年级第一次月考英语题 题型：完型填空
My goddaughter, Shari, owns The Berry Factory in Sacramento, California, and her mother, Joan, and I were helping with the Valentine’s Day rush. We’d dipped hundreds of berries, arranged gift baskets and packaged orders to be 36 around the country.
By the end of the day, the two middle-aged women, Joan and I, were exhausted. But Shari didn’t seem tired. That was 37 Shari. 38 she was very busy, I’d seen her give away berries to everyone—parking attendants, mail carriers and hairdressers. “For me?” they would say, bursting into 39 .
40 a “thank you”, Shari took us out for dinner. But there was a 45-munite 41 at her favorite restaurant. “No big 42 . There’s another place just up the road,” she said, driving up there. This time we walked right 43 .
When the waitress came to 44 our drink orders, Shari 45 into her handbag, pulling something out. “ I want you to have these,” she said, 46 the waitress a box of chocolate-dipped strawberries. “ She will love those berries!” I thought. 47 the waitress seemed very surprised instead. She only let out a “thank you” 48 grabbing the box and rushing into the kitchen.
A few minutes later, the waitress returned 49 our iced tea. “ I apologize,” she said. “ My best friend and I had 50 to send each other something every Valentine’s Day. But she 51 last year. I didn’t know how I’d 52 this day without her. Then you handed me that box.”
“ I’m so sorry to hear that,” said Shari. “ It’s not much, but I hope you can 53 them.”
“ Oh, I will,” the waitress said. “ See, every year we 54 sent each other the same thing: a box of chocolate-dipped strawberries bought from our favorite store, The Berry 55 .”
|
1. |
A. brought |
B. produced |
C. travelled |
D. shipped |
|
2. |
A. ordinary |
B. typical |
C. strange |
D. healthy |
|
3. |
A. If |
B. Since |
C. Though |
D. Until |
|
4. |
A. a smile |
B. tears |
C. laughter |
D. song |
|
5. |
A. By |
B. Without |
C. Through |
D. As |
|
6. |
A. discussion |
B. wait |
C. choice |
D. talk |
|
7. |
A. mistake |
B. deal |
C. idea |
D. matter |
|
8. |
A. out |
B. along |
C. in |
D. away |
|
9. |
A. ask |
B. tell |
C. bring |
D. take |
|
10. |
A. looked |
B. passed |
C. reached |
D. pushed |
|
11. |
A. handing |
B. forcing |
C. removing |
D. providing |
|
12. |
A. But |
B. Or |
C. And |
D. So |
|
13. |
A. until |
B. before |
C. after |
D. while |
|
14. |
A. for |
B. to |
C. from |
D. with |
|
15. |
A. promised |
B. explained |
C. imagined |
D. recognized |
|
16. |
A. passed out |
B. passed away |
C. passed by |
D. passed through |
|
17. |
A.look through |
B.break through |
C.get through |
D. follow through |
|
18. |
A. impress |
B. treasure |
C. value |
D. enjoy |
|
19. |
A. always |
B. hardly |
C. sometimes |
D. still |
|
20. |
A. Market |
B. Store |
C. Factory |
D. Garden |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014届广东省高一上学期期末考试英语试题 题型：阅读理解
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
1.The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .
|
A．they lived healthily in a dirty environment |
|
B．they thought bath houses were to dirty to stay in |
|
C．they believed disease could be spread in public baths |
|
D．they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease |
2.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?________.
|
A．Afraid |
B．Curious |
C．Approving |
D．Uninterested |
3.The underlined sentence in paragraph one is closest in meaning to __________.
|
A．Attitudes to dirt are different in different times |
|
B．Nothing is fixed for the attitudes to dirt |
|
C．Attitudes to dirt never change |
|
D．There isn’t anything fixed for attitudes to dirt |
4. How does the passage mainly develop?____________.
|
A．By providing examples |
B．By making comparisons |
|
C．By following the order of time |
D．By following the order of importance |
5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?___________.
|
A．To stress the role of dirt |
|
B．To introduce the history of dirt |
|
C．To call attention to the danger of dirt |
|
D．To present the change of views on dirt |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）模拟卷2 题型：其他题
SECTION B
Directions：Read the following passage．Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit．Write your answers on your answer sheet.
According to the sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer (赠与) leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge (显现) as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent（可靠的）evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually (actually) any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive (有表现力的) leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective（集体的）well beings of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize (将……减到最少) tension and conflict among them.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who prevent attaining the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate（培养）a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in achieving group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
81. How are leaders usually chosen? (不超过12个单词)
__________________________________________________________
82. What do expressive leaders generally focus on? （不超过5个词）
__________________________________________________________
83. What kind of person may be considered a leader according to the writer? (不超过17个单词)
__________________________________________________________
84. What does the passage mainly discuss? （不超过8个词）
__________________________________________________________
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013届黑龙江省哈尔滨市高一下学期期末考试英语题 题型：阅读理解
In summer, millions of people will head for the beach．And while the ocean can be a great place to swim and play, it may also be useful in another way．Some scientists think that waves could help make electricity．
“Have you ever been on a surfboard or boat and felt yourself being lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the energy as waves crashed over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland．“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves．”
Scientists are working on using that energy to make electricity．
Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean．“The winds start out by making little ripples （波纹） in the water, but if they keep on blowing , those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves, ”Taylor said．“Waves are one of nature’s ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey．”
When waves come towards the shore, people can set up dams or other barricades to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine （涡轮） ．The turbine can then power an electrical generator （发电机） ．
The United States and a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy , and it is already being used in Scotland．
The resource is huge．We will never run out of wave power, besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as other energy sources, such as oil and coal．
Oceans cover three quarters of the earth’s surface．That would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world．There are some drawbacks, however．
Jamie Taylor said that wave power still cost too much money．He said that its effects on animals in the sea were still unknown．Plus, wave power would get in the way of fishing and boat traffic．
With more research, however, “many of these problems might be overcome,” Taylor said．“Demand for energy to power our TVs and computers, drive our cars, and heat and cool our homes is growing quickly throughout the world．Finding more energy sources is very important, for traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may run out some day．”
In the future, when you turn on a light switch, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!
1.Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Wave power doesn’t cost too much money．
B．Wave energy is so clean that it doesn’t create the same amount of pollution as other energy sources．
C．Wave power affects fishing and boat traffic．
D．Wave power may affect marine animals．
2.We can infer from the passage that ______．
A．finding more new energy sources is not necessary because of wave energy
B．wave energy is a resource that will never run out and is used all over the world
C．wave power is not quite perfect for creating energy around the world
D．wave power doesn’t create any pollution
3.The underlined word “drawbacks” probably means ______．
A．regrets B．adventures C．disadvantages D．difficulties
4.What can be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Get Electricity by Waves B．The advantages of Wave Energy
C．Can Waves Make Electricity? D．The Disadvantages of Wave Energy
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