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    Since 1984, Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one, graffiti(涂鸦)-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far, more than 1,800 murals (壁画) have been painted. Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city.
    The walls that were once ugly with graffiti are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens are very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphia's Anti-Graffiti Network. Jane Golden is the MAP's artistic director. "When people ask me what our program is about," she says, "I answer them with one word: hope." Each year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops. Some one-time graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals.
    The MAP's work, says Golden, is all about developing a sense of community (社区). When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been "Safe Streets," "Love and Care," and "Peace Walk."
    The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year, the workers painted 140 murals.
    "The making of a mural enters people's collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant moment in neighborhood history" says Golden, who began as a muralist in Los Angeles.
    小题1:What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at?
    A．Helping the young find jobs.B．Protecting the neighborhood.
    C．Fighting against graffiti.D．Attracting more visitors.
    小题2:How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural?
    A．By having discussions with people in the community.
    B．By seeking advice from the city government.
    C．By learning from the young graffiti writers.
    D．By studying the history of the city.
    小题3: Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP?
    A．Difficult.B．Dangerous.C．ExperimentalD．Successful.

    小题1:C
    小题1:A
    小题1:D
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    URBANA, ILL. (AP)--Mike dropped out of college to support his pregnant(怀孕的) girlfriend and now works as a manager of a trucking company, Lynn graduated with honors from Harvard University and was hired as a lawyer with a top law firm in a major city. What do these two people have in common? Ten years ago they were both high school valedictorians (致告别辞者).
    A University of Illinois study follows the lives of 81 valedictorians and salutatorians (致词的学生代表) who graduated a decade ago from public and private high schools in the state.
    Tales of Success and Failure
    The study found tales of success and failure. The research on 46 women and 35 men found that some were doctors and scientists, one was a drug addict, another was a waitress with emotional problems.
    "There is a popular idea about people who do well in school doing well in life," said Terry Denny, professor of education. Denny conducted the study with Karen Arnold, a former graduate student of Denny' s who is now a professor at Boston College. Denny and Arnold contacted the 81 students before graduation, and then followed up with interviews nearly every other year. They also sent them questionnaires in the mail.
    Varied Careers
    One-third of the students are lawyers, or have a doctorate. Nineteen are in business and 15 are engineers or computer scientists. Others include a farmer, a stock broker, and an aerobics instructor.
    Arnold says many of the students have only average positions in the work world and that "most are not headed for greatness in their careers." Denny, however, says that it is too early to make such predictions. "Who expects someone to be on the Supreme Court at the age of 28 or to be the discoverer of an important scientific invention right after college?" he said. "These students are just getting started in life. They are just beginning to find out what life is all about."
    小题1:What can we conclude from Paragraph 1?
    A．Mike got married before he went to college.
    B．Lynn was honored by a law firm in the city.
    C．Mike was not so lucky as Lynn after graduating from college.
    D．Mike and Lynn both graduated first in their high school class.
    小题2:According to the article Denny is probably older than Arnold because      .
    A．Denny was her professor
    B．Arnold did well at school.
    C．Denny interviewed some students
    D．Arnold helped Denny in the research
    小题3:What is probably the best title for the article?
    A．Successful Careers for College Graduates
    B．Success in Education Predicts Success in Later Life
    C．High School Honors Not Always Key to Life Success
    D．A study on Successful Jobs and College Graduates
    小题4:Who probably wrote this article?
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    C．Professors and researchers D．Teachers

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for relatives and friends. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.
    In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men’s house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband’s portion to the men’s house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.
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    Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a family group, arc not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be children of that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.
    There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste (social class) system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva（唾液）,of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual or from a low-ranking class.
    小题1:According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?
    A．The English during regular meals.
    B．Americans on their first date.
    C．Men and women in Near Eastern societies.
    D．Newly-married people on the island of New Ireland.
    小题2:In Paragraph 4, the underlined word "taboos" means _____________.
    A．favorsB．prohibitionsC．hatredD．gossips
    小题3:According to the passage, eating together indicates all the following EXCEPT         .
    A．the type of foodB．social relations.
    C．marital statusD．family ties.
    小题4:What is the main idea of the passage?
    A．Different kinds of food in western countries.
    B． Relations between food and social units.
    C． Symbolic meanings of different kinds of food.
    D．Food consumption in different cultures.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another．Some societies, such as America and Australia, for example, are mobile and very open．People here change jobs and move house quite often．As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly．So it’s normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal．
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    To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first．On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society puts it, it’s no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don’t want to answer．
    Cross-cultural differences aren’t just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them．All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place．This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with．
    Some societies have ‘universalistic’ cultures．These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way．
    ‘Particularistic’ societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society’s unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person．So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person．
    This difference can cause problems．A traveler from a particularistic society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalistic culture．The Indian traveler has two much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family．He expects that the check – in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him．The check – in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn’t be fair to the other passengers．But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don’t have his problem．
    小题1:Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americans and Australians _____．
    A．like traveling betterB．easy to communicate with
    C．difficult to make real friendsD．have a long–term relationship with their neighbors
    小题2:People like Malaysians prefer to associate with those  _________．
    A．who will tell them everything of their own
    B．who want to do business with them
    C．they know quite well
    D．who are good at talking
    小题3:A person from a less mobile society will feel it _______ when a stranger keeps talking to him or her, and asking him or her questions．
    A．boringB．friendlyC．normalD．rough
    小题4:The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different _______．
    A．interestsB．habits and customsC．culturesD．ways of life

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Australia －a huge island continent that lies to the south of Asia．Australia－more than two hundred years old, a nation that is still growing．
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    The Australian works hard, but he likes his leisure．The climate makes outdoor activities the most popular．
    Canberra, the capital of Australia, is a planned modem city located inland．Australia is governed by a parliamentary democracy．The representatives of other countries have their embassies here．Australia wants to strengthen relations with her neighbors．
    Australia is a strange land, a land of vast expanses- fertile valleys, snow fields and deserts- also a land with unique animal, many that can not be found on any other continent in the world today．
    Much of the continent is dry, but man has utilized the land, made it productive, with its tools, with its technology．This is the driest continent of all, and water is a precious possession, more precious than all other natural resources．Large dams are built to collect the water, there to irrigate the fields of pastures and crops． But Australia is changing．The land of wool and wheat is now a land of large-scale industry and mining．The costs of developing the new mineral discoveries are enormous, but the rewards are great too．
    Australia — a young and developing nation．Australia — a nation that wants to communicate with its neighbors．
    小题1:Australia is an island located ______ of Asia and its big cities lie ____ of the coast．
    A．to the south; on the southeast
    B．to the north; on the southwest
    C．to the east; on the northeast
    D．to the east; on the southwest
    小题2:We can infer from the passage that the Australian likes outdoor activities for the _____ climate．
    A．dull and wet
    B．fine and shiny
    C．gloomy and rainy
    D．wet and cold
    小题3:____ is the most precious source in Australia．
    A．Mineral resourceB．AnimalC．DesertD．Water
    小题4:Which of the following statements about Australia is wrong?
    A．Australians are a suburban people
    B．Australia is governed by a parliamentary democracy．
    C．Australia prefers to live in the downtown of big cities．
    D．Wool and wheat used to be the main products of Australia．

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    There is no doubt that music plays a powerful role in our lives. It can calm our tired nerves after a busy day of work. Music even has the power to move us to tears when it stirs(激起) an emotional reaction. How then, does music play a role in special education?
    If music has the ability to touch those hidden places we all carry inside, it proves an important tool for the special education teacher. For students with emotional problems, music can help soothe(抚慰) sadness. Consider the child that arrives in class depressed and upset. If music can indeed relax and calm him, he is more likely to focus and participate in class.
    Dr. R. Joseph, author of Behavioral Neurology, writes, “It is well recorded that patients with left hemisphere(大脑半球) damage, who may be unable to speak or recognize words, can sing a melody(曲调).”
    For this reason, some special education teachers have found it helpful to set their lessons to music. When students cannot understand or remember certain things, singing them helps make it easier.
    Nature magazine reported “Music training helps underachievers. In Rhode Island, researchers studied eight public school first grade classes. Half of the classes became ‘text-arts’groups, receiving ongoing music training. After seven months, the students were given a test. The tested group had caught up with their fellow students in reading and surpassed(超过) their classmates in math by 22 percent. In the second year of the project, the tested students widened this even further. Students were also tested on attitude and behavior. Classroom teachers also noted improvement in these areas.”
    It seems music does, indeed, play an important role in education. For the special education teacher, this is especially encouraging.
    小题1:The first paragraph is mainly about _______.
    A．the role of music in education
    B．the importance of music in life
    C．the relationship between music and work results
    D．the relationship between music and behavior
    小题2:For students with emotional problems, music might be _______.
    A．a toyB．a punishmentC．a medicineD．a puzzle
    小题3:According to Dr. R. Joseph, people with left hemisphere damage _______.
    A．are unable to recognize people
    B．can produce some musical sounds
    C．can become special education teachers
    D．might suffer right hemisphere damage too
    小题4:The tested students mentioned in the fifth paragraph _______.
    A．behaved badly after the study
    B．Didn’t show any difference after the study
    C．had done well in their reading and math before
    D．received certain music education during the study
    小题5:What is the text mainly about?
    A．The meaning of special education.
    B．The history of music education.
    C．The problem in music education.
    D．The role of music in special education

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    American like to visit the national parks. In 1996, over 250,000,000 people visited areas run by the National Park Service. Experts predict that by 2010, 500,000,000 people per year will visit the parks. As a result, people are trying to think of ways to protect the parks from the crowds.
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    Another problem caused by increased park use is pollution. Some garbage and waste can be cleaned up, and the cleanup can be paid for by increased entrance fees. To cut down on noise pollution and air pollution, officials may decrease（减少） the number of cars allowed in parks. If this happens, people may use buses to travel around the parks. Officials may also limit（限制） the use of jet-skis, snowmobiles (摩托雪橇), motorboats, and sightseeing helicopters and planes.
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    小题1: By 2010, the number of visitors will rise by ______.
    A．250 millionB．500 millionC．2.5 billionD．5 billion
    小题2:If you want to visit the national parks, you may have to _____ in the future.
    A．pay less than beforeB．stay there for months
    C．book the ticket before monthsD．fill in a form to apply for the ticket
    小题3: Entrance fees may be increased _______.
    A．just for the benefit of the National Park Service
    B．either to limit the number of visitors or to pay for the cleaner
    C．not only to protect the animals but to reduce the noise pollution
    D．merely for the development of the national parks
    小题4:What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean?
    A．People are not supposed to visit the national parks for fear that they will harm the animals.
    B．Only if more man-made tourist attractions are built will more people visit the parks.
    C．It is reasonable to keep the balance between the development of the parks and the reserve.
    D．People will not visit the national parks since there are no golf courses and resorts.
    小题5:What can be inferred from the passage?
    A．High fees may probably keep some people out of parks.
    B．Helicopters and planes will not be used in parks any longer.
    C．The bus will become the only tool in parks with the purpose of pollution reduction.
    D．The National Park Service welcomes as many visitors as possible.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    On Halloween Night, children go trick-treating in their neighborhoods. Dressed up as ghosts, skeleton devils, and various other characters, children knock on doors to collect their treats. Seldom do they actually perform a “trick”.
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    小题1:Apple bobbing was an ancient ceremony held originally to ____.
    A．honor the harvest timeB．honor the dead
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    小题2:The underlined word “roam” is close in meaning to ____.
    A．come backB．placeC．collectD．walk around
    小题3:Which of the following is not true?
    A. On Halloween Night, children often dress up as ghosts.
    B. On Halloween Night, children often perform tricks.
    C,. Trick-or-treating comes from an old English custom.
    D. Children can get a lot of candy on Halloween Night.
    小题4:According to the passage, Halloween is a(n) ____ festival.
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    　The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the time of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman‘s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement(退休) at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by modern living conditions.
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    　小题1:According to the passage, around the year 1900 most women married ________.
    　　A. at about twenty-five B. in their early fifties
    　　C as soon as possible after they were fifteen
    　　D. at any age from fifteen to forty-five
    　小题2: We are told that in a common family about 1900 _________.
    A．many children died before they were five
    B．seven or eight children lived to be more than five
    C．the youngest child would be fifteen
    D．four or five children died when they were five
    小题3:When she was over fifty, the late nineteenth-century mother _________.
    A．would be healthy enough to take up paid jobs
    B．was usually expected to die fairly soon
    C．would expect to work until she died
    D．was unlikely to find a job even if she wanted one
    小题4:According to the passage, the women of today usually _________.
    A．marry instead of getting paid workB．marry before they are twenty-five
    C．have more children under fifteenD．have too few children

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