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    D
    The recent, apparently successful, prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nino—the warm ocean How that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South America has excited researchers．Jacob Bjerknes pointed out years ago how winds might create either abnormally warm or abnormally cold water in the eastern equatorial （赤道附近的） Pacific．Nevertheless, before the creation of the models, no one could explain why conditions should regularly change between appearances of the warm El Nino and the so-called anti-El Nino．The answer, at least if the current model that links the behavior of the ocean to that of the atmosphere is correct, is to be found in the ocean．
    It has long been known that during an El Nino, two conditions exist: unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific and winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east．The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, send a signal to the west lowering sea level at the same time．According to the model, that signal is created as a negative （负的） Rossby wave, a wave of lower sea level, that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day．Taking months to move across the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smootli wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains．
    When the waves meet the western boundary, they are reflected, and the model predicts that Rossby waves will be broken into many coastal Kelvin waves carrying the same negative sea-level signal．These eventually shoot toward the equator, and then head eastward along the equator drove by the earth at a．speed of about．250 kilometers per day．When enough Kelvin waves of adequate amplitude （振幅） arrive from the western Pacific, their negative sea-level signal overcomes the feedback mechanism, raising the sea level, and they begin to drive the system into the opposite cold mode．This produces a gradual change in winds, one that will eventually send positive sea-level Rossby waves westward, waves that will eventually return as cold cycle—ending positive Kelvin waves beginning another warming cycle．
    67．What is the passage mainly about?
    A．How Rossby waves are found．
    B．Where El Nino is formed．
    C．What the models predict．
    D．How the models work．
    68．Where does El Nino often appear?
    A．Along the western coast of the USA .
    B．In the Pacific in the south, of the equator．
    C．In the Pacific in the north of the equator．
    D．Along the southern coast of South America．
    69．What is right according to the passage?
    A．Rossby waves and Kelvin waves move in opposite directions along the equator．
    B．People could explain El Nino before the creation of the mathematical models．
    C．Adequate sea-level waves can produce westward positive cold cycle．
    D．The speed of Rossby waves is faster than that of Kelvin waves．
    70．What does the underlined word "waves" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
    A．Kelvin waves．       B．Sea-level signals．   C．Coastal waves．   D．Rossby waves．
     
    67．D    68．B    69．A    70．D
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
    阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
    A
    We bet that on cold wintry days, many of you love to stay in your warm home and, every now and then, come out into the kitchen for a snack. Unfortunately, plenty of creepy-crawly critters(爬行生物) like to do the same thing!
    Winter is the time when bugs (虫子) invade your house without an invitation. The season can be tough for such creatures. In winter the air is cold, the ground is hard and many trees have no leaves. So bugs do what they have to do to survive.
    Monarch butterflies head south to warmer climates. Ants crowd in deep underground colonies and eat food they have been storing all year. Many insects go into a deep sleep called diapause. There’re different kinds of diapause, but all are similar to hibernation, a time when bigger animals become inactive in the cold. Insects go into an inactive period, too, but it often isn’t when the temperature drops.
    They rely on more dependable signals in the environment. For example, many insects can tell how much sunlight there’s each day. They use that to tell them when to shut down. Bugs are cold-blooded, meaning that their inside temperature is the same as the outside. They can’t move much when it gets below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. So they search for any warm place.
    They’re looking for protection. These guys have been doing this for 300 million years, so they don’t really know they’re coming into your house. The home is a recent event in terms of their evolutionary behavior. They enter through tiny cracks or come in unnoticed on your clothes or shoes. Remember that they may be invading your homes for warmth and food, but they don’t care about humans.
    56. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
    A. To point out that humans like to stay at home in winter.
    B. To mean that humans and bugs have the same living habits.
    C. To mean that bugs will invade the house for their winter.
    D. To put forward the idea that bugs are not welcome in winter.
    57. According to the text, what is diapause?
    A. It is the same as the animals’ hibernation.
    B. It often appears in warm areas all the year.
    C. It is done to keep bugs active in winter.
    D. It is a deep sleep similar to hibernation.
    58. What often decides bugs’ diapause?
    A. The lower local temperatures.           B. The amounts of sunlight.
    C. Kinds of environmental signals.         D. The insects’ inside temperature.
    59. According to the text, bugs invade humans’ homes to ______.
    A. attack humans                                 B. look for enough food
    C. seek for protection                           D. show their evolutionary results
    60. What would be the best title for the text?
    A. Bugs’ life on cold wintry days
    B. Why bugs invade your home in winter?
    C. Good relations between humans and bugs
    D. What does diapause mean?

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child --- or even an animal, such as a pigeon --- can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted. We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.
    Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a nice face looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a nice person, you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.
    There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing his personality.
    Bookworms, conservatives（保守派）, military（军人或军事的）types --- people are described with such terms. People have always tried to type each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’s or the hero’s role. In fact, the words “person” and “personality” come from the Latin persona, meaning mask. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the good guys from the bad guys because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.
    6.The passage tells the readers ______.
    A. how to describe people’s faces
    B. how to describe people’s personality
    C. how to differ good persons from bad ones
    D. how to describe people both inward and outward
    7. What is the possible role of the writer?
    A. Psychologist     B. Behaviorist    C. Writer    D. Sociologist
    8. Which of the following is incorrect?
    A. Different people may have different personalities.
    B. People differ from each in appearance.
    C. People can describe all the features of others.
    D. People can learn to recognize faces.
    9. It is easier to describe a person’s personality in words than his face because ______.
    A. a person’s face is more complex than his personality
    B. a person’s personality is easily distinguished
    C. people’s personalities are very alike
    D. many words are available when people try to describe one’s personality
    10. People classify a person into certain type according to ______.
    A. his way of acting and thinking
    B. his way of speaking and behaving
    C. his learning and behavior
    D. his physical appearance and his personality

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    E
    Could we "terraform" Mars —that is, change its frozen, thin-aired surface into something more friendly and Earthlike? Should we? The first question has a clear answer: Yes, we probably could．Spacecraft, including the ones now exploring Mars, have found evidence that it was warm in its youth, with rivers flowing into vast seas．And right here on Earth, we've learned how to warm a planet: just add greenhouse gases to its atmosphere．Much of the CO2 that once warmed Mars is probably still there, in frozen dirt and polar ice caps, and so is the water．
    Most of the work in terraforming, says NASA scientist Chris Mackay, would be done by life itself． "You don't build Mars," Mackay says．"You just warm it up and throw some seeds．" Powerful greenhouse gases could be produced from elements in dirt and air on Mars and blown into the atmosphere; by warming the planet, they would release the frozen CO2, which would quicken the warming and increase atmospheric pressure to the point where liquid water could flow．Meanwhile, says botanist James Graham of the University of Wisconsin, human settlers could seed the red rock with a succession （系列） of ecosystems ?first bacteria and lichens （地衣）, which survive in Antarctica, later mosses （苔藓）, and after one thousand years or so, redwoods．Getting breathable oxygen levels out of those forests, though, could take thousands of years．
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    72．What is the most essential to make Mars fit for living?
    A．Turn ice into flowing water．          B．Clean the dirty atmosphere．
    C．Make the atmosphere more suitable．    D．Go to the moon or an asteroid first．
    73．What does the author think of the idea ofterraforming Mars?
    A．We could do it．                            B．We couldn't do it．
    C．We should do it．                           D．We shouldn't do it．
    74．In the botanist's opinion, man needs to __________.
    A．enable Mars to clean its atmosphere
    B．build a greenhouse on Mars
    C．send some people to settle on Mars
    D．cultivate ecosystems from lower to higher life form
    75．What is the best title for the passage?
    A．Making Mars the New Earth．           B．A Good Way to Change the Universe
    C．Humans' Great Power．                     D．Terrible Science and Technology．

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    D
    A sunflower is a sunflower . A mobile phone is a mobile phone . But can you combine the two to do something for your local environment?
    As early as next year it may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to bury it in the garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower. A biodegradable (能进行生物递降分解的) mobile phone was, this month, introduced by scientists.
    Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other plastic and can be hard or soft, and able to change shape. Overtime it can also break down into the soil without giving out any toxic chemicals. British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it forms nitrates (硝酸钾). These feed the seed and help the flower grow. Engineers have designed a small transparent window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thrown away. "We've only put sunflower seeds into the covers so far. But we are working with plant experts to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time," said one scientist.
    As phone technology is developing so quickly people are constantly  throwing their mobiles away. This means manufacturers are under pressure to find ways of recycling them. Some 650 million mobile phones have been sold this year. Most of them will be thrown away within two years, adding plastic, heavy metal and chemical waste to the environment. A biodegradable cover can offer some relief for nature, according to the scientists. "The seed is released and the flower grows in the pot so you don't have to concern yourself with the phone when you have finished using it," said Kerry Kirwan. She leads the research team, which is based at the University of Warwick in Britain.
    67. The main idea of the passage is ________ .
    A. the relationship between high tech and environment
    B. the phone technology is developing
    C. how to grow sunflowers
    D. mobile phone and environment
    68. The purpose of introducing a biodegradable mobile phone is ______ .
    A. to encourage consumers to recycle
    B. to prevent consumers from throwing their phones away
    C. to meet consumers’ need
    D. to help consumers know which flower can best perform
    69. What is the possible meaning of the underlined word ?
    A. pleasant    B. poisonous    C. useful    D. new
    70. Which of the following statements is NOT true ?
    A.Engineers have designed a small transparent window to hold the rose seed .
    B. Mobiles with biodegradable covers can do good to nature .
    C.Manufacturers are under pressure to find ways of recycling mobiles .
    D. The flower only grows when the phone is thrown away .

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    D
    Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It is also one of the most interesting. It was named after Jupiter, the most important of the Roman gods, and nicknamed the “King of Planets.” It is the fifth planet from the sun and the fourth brightest object in the sky. Before the invention of the telescope, Jupiter was thought to be a bright star.
    In 1610, the famous astronomer Galileo realised that Jupiter was actually a planet. He also noticed that it had four large moons. These are known as the Galilean moons. The biggest is Ganymede, and it is larger than the planets Pluto and Mercury. Next in size is Callisto, which is the farthest away from Jupiter. It is the closest to the planet, and has a lot of active volcanoes. The smallest of the Galilean moons is Europa. Europa is covered in ice, and scientists believe there may be an ocean underneath.
    Galileo's discovery that Jupiter was not a star but a planet was very important. Before this time, people believed the Earth to be the centre of the universe. They thought that the sun, stars, and other planets all revolved around the Earth. However, Galileo proved that the sun was at the centre of the universe!
    (A) Jupiter is farther out in the solar system than Earth, so it takes longer to revolve around the sun. (B) However, a day on Jupiter is much shorter, only 9.8 Earth hours. (C) This is because it spins(旋转) a lot faster than the Earth does. (D)
    Another of Jupiter's interesting features（特性） is its “Great Red Spot.” On the surface of the planet is a large red spot. The spot is actually a huge storm like a hurricane, but bigger. It covers an area twice as big as the Earth and has been going on for at least 400 years!
    62. What is the passage mainly about?
    A. Features of the planet Jupiter.     
    B. Differences between Jupiter and other planets.
    C. Galileo's accomplishments in astronomy（天文）.
    D. How Jupiter moves in the solar system.
    63. According to Paragraph 3, why is Galileo's discovery important?
    A. Because Jupiter was thought to be smaller than Earth.
    B. Because people knew that Earth is not the only planet.
    C. Because it meant that the planet goes around the Earth.
    D. Because it proved that Earth is not the centre of the universe.
    64. The underlined word “revolved” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to           .
    A. approached        B. stopped            C. sped up            D. circled
    65. Where would the following sentence best fit into Paragraph 4, (A), (B), (C) or (D)?
    This means that one year on Jupiter is as long as 11.6 Earth years.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    D
    One of the most popular new online games is Second Life．These games are also called MMOs for short．But unlike other MMOs, Second Life is not about winning or losing．Second Life is technically a computer game．But people involved in it do not consider it a game, because the players Create everything．Second Life is more for socializing and creating communities．
    Users of Second Life are called residents．To take part, they must create an electronic image of themselves．Some look like humans, while others look like animals．Inside the Second Life world, residents build homes, run business, buy and sell things, work, play, and attend school．They even have relationships and get married．
    Second Life was created in 2003 by Linden Lab in San Francisco, California．Linden Lab controls the website where the ever—changing world is being created．There are now about one million people around the world who are active in Second Life．The number has grown quickly since the beginning of the year when there were about one hundred thousand users．
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    Lately, several major companies have become involved with Second Life．They want to be part of the growing business world that exists within the made—up reality．The car maker Toyota, music producer Sony BMG, and even Reuters news agency are among businesses now existing within Second Life．
    68．The best title for the passage may be    ．
    A．Popular Computer Games                     B．Users of Second Life
    C．Business within Second Life                 D．A Million People Get a Second Life
    69．According to the passage, Second Life refers to a new online game    ．
    A．about winning or losing
    B．in which players can create everything
    C．mostly for children
    D．designed for only one player role
    70．We can see from the passage that the users of the Second Life    ．
    A．can’t create the electronic images
    B．become humans and animals
    C．don’t work or play
    D．can even get married
    71．It can be inferred from the passage that    ．
    A．these major companies want to become the players inside the Second Life world
    B．these major companies: want to make profits from Second Life
    C．we can’t believe in the made—up reality inside the Second Life world
    D．these major companies show no interest in Second Life

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    第三部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）  
    A
    Forests have always been useful and important to man who make use of them in many ways. Every day trees are serving man everywhere. Trees supply man with fruits and building materials in the form of wood, without trees it would be impossible to build houses, boats, bridges and so on. Furniture such as desks, chairs and beds is made of wood, trees can stop man from terrible heat. They're also useful in preventing good and rich top soil from being washed away during heavy rains.
    If there were no trees, heavy rains would wash away the rich surface soil that is so important to plants. The result is that the land will become a desert. There are plenty of desert areas in the world. A long time ago these desert areas used to be very rich areas, but man in the past had no enough knowledge about science of nature, they cut down too many trees in the area where they lived and never planted new ones. By and by the rich surface soil was blown and washed away by strong winds and heavy rains. In the end the rich land changed into useless deserts where nothing could grow.
    56 . According to the passage,__________.
    A. a long time ago, man didn't know how to make use of wood
    B. trees are not as useful as they were in the past
    C. trees were more found in the past than they are today
    D. people have always found trees useful
    57. "Top soil" means____________and is          .
    A. useless soil; of no use for plants
    B. soil on the surface of the earth; good for plants
    C. soil found under the earth; found under the roots of trees
    D. dry soil in the desert areas; bad for plants
    58. Some deserts were once__________.
    A. very good lands  B. covered by ice   C. very cold      D. dry and useless
    59. If there were no trees,______________.
    A. the land would become better             B. heavy rains would be very clean
    C. the rich soil couldn't be kept              D. there wouldn't any plants
    60. From the passage, we know that man must__________.    
    A. do nothing to keep the balance of nature
    B. take his best to keep the balance of nature
    C. try his best to keep the balance of nature
    D. do his  best to stop the balance of nature

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    There were times when it was only schoolchildren who felt sick before they got their grades．But now teachers in Germany are scared, too, as they are being graded by their students.
    Many teachers are opposed to it．They don’t mind being evaluated．But they are upset because the results are then being posted on the Internet and accessible to millions of Internet users．On the website www. spickmich.de during the past four months students have posted evaluations of 100,000 teachers.
    The teachers are graded on categories such as “motivated”, “good instruction,” “easy examinations”, or even “sexy.” Many teachers think that their privacy has been violated.
    The creators of the website say that the students are only being offered the chance to provide teachers with some feedback about their classroom instruction．Bernd Dicks, who founded the website with three friends, says that the students are largely quite satisfied with their teachers．On a grading scale of one to six, the teachers’ average grade is 2.7 and it has been improving lately．He often says the impression is that students are bullying（欺负） their teachers．But there is also bullying of the students by teachers.  
    “Teachers must also learn to live with criticism,” he added．But still, the website is not totally immune from manipulation（操纵）, as one teacher near the northern city of Hanover recently proved．He registered himself on the website as a student and then rated his own teaching colleagues highly．Within a few days, seven of his colleagues were listed in the top 10 rankings of Germany’s best teachers.
    45. Many teachers are opposed to the website because        .
    A．their privacy has been violated         B．they are afraid of being assessed
    C．their evaluations are unfair       D．the results are not satisfying
    46．The founders of the website intended to         .
    A．get the students to know their teachers better
    B．conduct a survey on teachers’ performances
    C．help the teachers to improve their teaching
    D．change the teachers’ ways of giving instructions
    47．From what the teacher in Hanover did, we can infer         .
    A．he intended to help his colleagues
    B．there was some disadvantage of the website
    C．his colleagues were more popular than him
    D．he wanted to know how he was evaluated
    48．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
    A．Teachers get graded by pupils  B．Teachers are angry with website
    C．Teachers need self-assessment        D．New invention in assessing teachers

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