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    E
    Twenty years ago, most experts believed that differences in how boys and girls behaved were mainly due to differences in how they were treated by their parents, teachers, and friends. It’s hard to cling to that belief today. Recent research has shown that there are biological differences between boys and girls. Understanding these differences is important in raising and educating children.
    For example, girls are born with more sensitive hearing than boys, and the difference increases as kids grow up. So when a grown man speaks to a girl in what he thinks is a normal voice, she may hear it as yelling. Conversely (反过来), boys who appear to be inattentive in class may just be sitting too far away too hear the teacher.
    Likewise, girls are better in their expression of feelings. Studies reveal that negative emotions are seated in an area of the brain called the amygdala. Girls develop all early connection between this area and the cerebral cortex (大脑皮层), enabling them to talk about their feelings. In boys these links develop later. So if you ask a troubled adolescent boy to tell you what his feelings are, he often cannot say much.
    Dr. Sax, an advocate of single-sex education, points out that keeping boys and girls separate in the classroom has yielded striking educational, social, and interpersonal benefits. Therefore, parents and teachers should try to recognize, understand, and make use of the biological differences that make a girl a girl, and a boy a boy.
    67．What is the main idea of the passage?
    A. Boys tend to pay less attention in class than girls.
    B. Girls are better than boys in their ability to detect sounds.
    C. Boys and girls behave differently because of biological differences.
    D. Single-sex schools are not good because they keep boys and girls separate.
    68．Why do girls express negative feelings better than boys?
    A. Girls are more emotional than boys.
    B. Girls have more brain cells than boys.
    C. The amygdala is located in different areas of the brain for boys and girls.
    D. The links between certain parts of the brain develop earlier in girls than in boys.
    69．Which of the following does the author believe?
    A. Girls need more training in communication.
    B. Boys and girls should be educated in different ways.
    C. Parents should pay more attention to boys.
    D. Sex differences should be ignored in education。
    70．What does the phase “cling to” in the first paragraph mean?
    A. maintain               B. abandon                         C. evaluate          D. challenge

    小题1:C
    小题2:D
    小题3:B
    小题4:A
             
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    There is a brown female(母的) Canadian duck that weighs only four hundred fifty grams. The duck had flown to the southern state of Florida for the winter．A hunter shot it on January fifteenth and  took it to his home in the city of Tallahassee．He put it in the refrigerator(冰箱)．Two days later the man’s wife opened the refrigerator door．The duck lifted its head and looked at her．It was alive!
    The family took the duck to a doctor who treats animals．The doctor gave the duck to the Goose Creek Animal Sanctuary(动物保护区)．Animal sanctuaries provide homes for animals and teach people about their care．
    The doctor said it was easy to understand why people thought the duck was dead. He said ducks generally do not move a 1ot，especially after being shot．And he said its low body temperature helped it survive in the refrigerator．
    That was enough to make the duck famous around the world．The Tallahassee newspaper published the story that was re-printed in many different countries．But that was not the end of the story．
    Workers at the wildlife sanctuary named the duck Perky．And they got the doctor to give an operation to repair the duck’s damaged wing．During the operation，Perky stopped breathing--not just once but two times．The doctor tried to save Perky by giving her oxygen．But he finally said the duck had died．A few seconds later, however, Perky began to move．Reports say the people in the operating room were so happy that they cried.
    Workers at the wildlife sanctuary say Perky will not have any more operations. It seems the drugs that were used had side-effects on her．Perky is expected to live at the sanctuary．And a local company has begun to sell T-shirts showing a picture of the lucky duck. Money from the sale of the shirts will help pay for Perky’s care．
    小题1:Which of the following statements is TRUE?
    A．Animal sanctuaries are homes specially for wounded animals．
    B．The hunter shot the duck in the wing．
    C．Ducks do not move at all for the whole winter.
    D．The hunter’s wife intended to free the duck in the refrigerator．
    小题2:The underlined Word “That” in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that______.
    A．the duck survived the shot and the cold in the refrigerator
    B．the hunter had saved the duck by freezing it
    C．the hunter shot the duck from Canada
    D．the Tallahassee newspaper published the story
    小题3:The duck in the story______．
    A．was big and strong
    B．flew to Florida for food
    C．stayed in the refrigerator to keep its body temperature low
    D．was considered dead before being put in the refrigerator
    小题4:What is the best title for the passage?
    A．Save the DuckB．The Lucky DuckC．Stop Killing DucksD．The Poor Duck
    小题5:It can be inferred from the passage that_______．
    A．the local company will get large profits by selling the T-shirts
    B．it was illegal for me hunter to shoot the duck
    C．the duck is likely to be well cared for in the sanctuary
    D．Perky likes Florida better than Canada

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    The Vienna-based researchers showed that dogs will stop doing a simple task when not rewarded if another dog, which continues to be rewarded, is present．
    The experiment consisted of taking pairs of dogs and getting them to present a paw for a reward．On giving this “handshake” the dogs received a piece of food．One of the dogs was then asked to shake hands, but received no food．The other dog continued to get the food when it was asked to perform the task．
    The dog without the reward quickly stopped doing the task, and showed signs of anger or stress when its partner was rewarded．
    To make sure that the experiment was really showing the interaction between the dogs rather than just the frustration of not being rewarded, a similar experiment was conducted where the dogs performed the task without the partner．Here they continued to present the paw for much longer．
    Dr Frederike Range from the University of Vienna says this shows that it was the presence of the rewarded partner that was the greater influence on their behaviour．
    “The only difference is one gets food and the other doesn’t, they are responding to being unequally rewarded．” she said．
    The researchers say this kind of behaviour, where one animal gets frustrated with what is happening with another, has only been observed in primates(灵长类) before．
    Studies with various types of monkeys and chimpanzees show they react not only to seeing their partners receiving rewards when they are not, but also to the type of reward．
    The dog study also looked at whether the type of reward made a difference．Dogs were given either bread or sausage, but seemed to react equally to either．Dr Range says this may be because they have been trained．
    57．The dogs refused to give the paw when they_______．
    A．found another dog was given nothing
    B．felt they were not treated equally
    C．were aware they received less food
    D．were given too much reward
    58．What would the dogs do if they presented their paw alone?
    A．They would go on with the performance much longer．
    B．They would be too shy to present their paw．
    C．They would miss their partners．
    D．They would compare what they got with that of others．
    59．According to the passage, compared with dogs, monkeys and chimpanzees ______．
    A．pay no attention to the type of reward
    B．only like to play interesting games
    C．pay attention to the type of reward as well as whether they are rewarded
    D．care more about how they are rewarded
    60．Which of the following can best summerise the passage?
    A．Animals’ various ways to show anger
    B．Dogs are more envious than man
    C．Most animals want to be be rewarded for their work
    D．Animals also have a sense of fairplay

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    Good news for game lovers― a tank game has come out recently. In this game you are in a tank and the screen shows your view of the landscape outside. You gain points by shooting enemy tanks, supertanks, missiles (导弹) and flying saucers（飞碟）.
    Expert players can gain scores of around 150,000 points at this game. To get a high score you have to destroy twenty tanks as quickly as possible. After this, the supertanks, missiles and flying saucers appear. These are worth far more points than the ordinary tanks. However, the number of tanks you have to destroy before the supertanks appear varies on different machines.
    Try to get close to an enemy tank from the side or the back, so it cannot shoot at you. Then, when you get close, turn to face it, line it up in your sights and fire before it turns to shoot at you. If you miss or are too slow, quickly escape by moving out of the enemy's line of fire. You can then move around the enemy and come in from another side.
    When a supertank appears, try to destroy it as quickly as possible. Then wait safely behind an obstacle（障碍物）for a missile or flying saucer. The cubes are useful objects to hide behind as you can fire over them without exposing yourself to danger. The missiles will fly straight at you, but they are difficult to hit, so do not shoot at them until they are quite close. The saucers are much easier to hit, but do not follow them as you will be open to attack from enemy tanks. 
    60. This passage is an / a ______ about a game.
    A. instruction    B. liberation        C. tradition     D. construction
    61. If you hide behind the cubes during an attack, which of the following may not happen?
    A. Avoiding being exposed to danger     B. Destroying a missile
    C. Firing over missiles or flying saucers   D. Being hit by a missile
    62. If you can destroy a supertank, missile or flying saucer, you will get_____.
    A. many more points        B. a machine to play with
    C. an ordinary tank         D. nothing
    63. From the last sentence we can see that you are likely to be attacked by tanks if you_____.
    A. hit a flying saucer            B. run after a flying saucer
    C. fire straight at a missile        D. shoot at enemy tanks

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    C
    A light emitting diode （发光二极管）, or L．E．D．, is a device that shines when electricity passes through it．But it works differently than traditional kinds of light bulbs．Light emitting diodes use less energy and last much longer than bulbs with a filament （灯丝） inside．L．E．                               D．’s are also cooler to the touch, and shine a lot brighter than they used to．  
    Red L．E．D．’s have long been used as signal lights on electronic equipment．But now light emitting diodes also come in blue and other colors．Colored L．E．D．’s are used to show images on everything from wireless phones to huge video signs．And white L．E．D．’s are being used increasingly to replace traditional lighting systems．  
    But all these require electricity．In poor countries, people often burn fuel to produce light．But the smoke can make people sick．So an electrical engineering professor from Canada started a project to produce L．E．       D．lighting systems for the developing world．These lights are powered by batteries that can be recharged with energy from the sun．The batteries can also be charged through other ways, such as wind power and water power．
    Professor David Irvine-Halliday tells the story of how he got the idea．In 1997, while climbing in the Annapurna mountains in Nepal, he saw a small school．All the children were outside．He looked through a window and saw that inside the school was dark．The school had a sign that read: "We have no teachers．If you want to stay and teach for a few days, we would be very pleased．" Professor Irvine-Halliday says that experience had a big effect on him．Back at the University of Calgary, he was on the Internet one day．He saw a company in Japan selling bright white L．E．                           D．’s．So he built a light with some．This is how he began the Light Up the World Foundation．
    48．Compared with traditional kinds of light bulbs, L．E．D．’S________．
    A．waste a lot of energy                    B．need shorter time to make
    C．shine much brighter                 D．are warmer to touch
    49．According to the passage, we know that L．E．D．’s________．
    A．will replace all the lights            B．will be more and more popular
    C．will be only colored ones               D．will be only used in developing countries
    50．According to the passage, we can infer that the purpose of the Light Up the World Foundation is to________．
    A．develop L．E．D．lighting system for the developing world                   
    B．sell bright white L．E．D．’s
    C．collect money for developing countries                                        
    D．earn money by selling L．E．D．’s

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    D
    Providing small classes for at least several grades starting in early primary school gives students the best chance to succeed in late grades, according to groundbreaking new research from a Michigan State University scholar.
    The research by Spyros Konstantopoulos, a professor of education, is the first to examine the effects of class size over a period and for all levels of students. The study appears in the American Journal of Education.
    He is also a member of a group for the Department of Education’s Instiute of Education Sciences that will give official advice on class size to the states. He said the advice will mirror his research: the best plan is to provide continuous small classes(13 to 17 students) for at least several years starting in kindergarten or first grade.
    “For a logn time states thought they could just do it in kindergarten or first grade for one year and get the benefits,” He said. “I don’t believe that. I think you need at least a few years in a row where all students, and especially low-achievers, receive the treatment, and then you see the benefits later.”
    His research used data from the Project Star study in Tennessee that analyzed the effects of class size on more than 11,000 students in primary and middle school. He found that students who had been in small classes from kindergarten through third grade had actually higher test scores in grades four through eight than students who been in larger classes early on.
    Students from all achievement levels benefited from small classes, the research found. “But low-achievers benefited the most, which narrowed the achievement gap with high –achievers in science, reading and math, ” he said.
    Although the study didn’t consider classroom practices, he said the reason for the narrowing gap is likely due to low-achieving students receiving more attention from teachers.
    “This is especially important in poorer schools because teacher effectiveness matters more in schools with more disadvantaged and low-performing students, ” he said.
    48．The professor argues about ________ .
    A．the size of the class
    B．the period of the class
    C．the attention from teachers
    D．the achievements of students
    49．The result of the research shows that _________.
    A．small classes for one year in early grade are enough
    B．continuous small classes help students achieve more
    C．it’s best to attend small classes in kindergarten
    D．small classes do equal good to students of all levels
    50．What can we infer from the passage?
    A．High achievers will not benefit from small classes.
    B．Continuous small classes have not been widely accepted.
    C．Low-achievers should be separated from high-achievers.
    D．Teachers’ attention matters less than classroom practices.
    51．The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph refers to _______.
    A．the gap between low and high achievers
    B．continuous small classes
    C．classroom practices in later grades
    D．the Project Star Sturdy

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    A breathtaking trick potentially left over from our ancestors might be found in us — the ability to sense oxygen through our skin.
    Amphibians, animals such as frogs that can live both on land and in water, have long been known to be capable of breathing through their skin. In fact, the first known lungless frog that breathes only through its skin was discovered recently in the rivers of Borneo.
    Now the same oxygen sensors found in frog skins and in the lungs of mammals (哺乳动物) have unexpectedly been discovered in the skin of mice.
    “No one had ever looked,” explained Randall Johnson, a biologist researcher.
    Mice and frogs are quite distant relatives, so the fact they have these molecules (分子) in common in their skin suggests they might well be found in the skin of other mammals, such as humans.
    “We have no reason to think that they are not in the skin of people too,” Johnson said.   These molecules not only detect oxygen, but help increase levels of vital red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Normal mice breathing in air that is 10 percent oxygen—a dangerously low level similar to conditions at the top of Mount Everest, and about half that of air at sea level. However, mice that had the oxygen sensor HIF-1a genetically removed from their skin failed to produce this hormone (荷尔蒙) even after hours of such low oxygen.
    These findings, if they hold true in humans, suggest one could raise the level of oxygen circulating inside the body. This could help treat lung diseases and disorders such as anemia (贫血症) without injecting drugs, which make up a multibillion-dollar market, Johnson said.
    Athletes also often try to get more oxygen delivered to their muscles in order to improve their performance. They often do this by training at high altitudes or in low-oxygen tents. The new study suggests they might want to expose their skin as well as breathing in low-oxygen air to improve their performance. “It’s hard to say what exactly might be done, however—there’s a lot we don’t know yet,” Johnson explained.
    The scientists detailed their findings in the April 18 issue of the journal Cell.
    49. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
    A. Johnson believes that Oxygen sensors also exist in human skin.
    B. People have to surf the Internet to read detailed findings.
    C. It has been proved that these findings help treat lung diseases.
    D. It has long been expected oxygen sensors exist in mice’s skin. 
    50. One of the functions of the molecules mentioned above is _______.
    A. carrying oxygen around the body                   B. improving athletes’ performance
    C. detecting oxygen                                          D. increasing level of oxygen
    51. What is Johnson’s attitude to the application of the findings to the athletes’ training?
    A. Negative                  B. Doubting                  C. Positive             D. Hesitating
    52. The best title of the passage may be _______.
    A. Great Findings Benefits Athletes A Lot
    B. Frogs And Mice Are Distant Relatives
    C. First Known Animal Breathes Through Skin
    D. Humans Might Sense Oxygen Through Skin

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    The following conversation is between Susan Russell-Robinson from the US Geological （地质学的）Survey and Barbara Reynolds from USA Today .
    Q: Why , after 600 years of no activity , did Mount Pinatubo in Philippines erupt（喷发）in 1991 ?
    A: Volcanoes （火山）each have their own eruption styles . This volcano probably has a rule which makes it erupt in the order of every 500 to 1000 years , but a volcano in Hawaii seems to erupt every year , and some of the Alaskan volcanoes might erupt every 10 or 20 years .
    Q: So nothing caused it ?
    A: There’s nothing out of the ordinary . If you were to take an ordinary calendar year , 50 to 75 or 80 volcanoes erupt around the world every year . There are 20 to 30 volcanoes every month that show signs of unrest . That might be a full-blown eruption or a whole host of activities like that .
    Q: What is “the ring of fire” ?
    A: If you look at where active volcanoes are placed around the world , there are somewhere between 500 and 600 of them . There is what appears to be almost a necklace that goes around the Pacific Ocean . It makes a ring where 60% of the world’s volcanoes lie .
    Q: Why such a concentration（集中）there ?
    A: That’s based on a theory that the oceans and the continents are like separate pieces . When they move , one might ride up over the other one . In this case , the Pacific Ocean goes under the continents and when that happens it seems to produce magma （熔岩）at depth and then you have volcanoes in the same ring .
    1．What kind of writing do you think this passage is ?
    A．A text taken from a geography book .    B．An interview published in the press .
    C．A conversation carried out in a film .     D．An oral test recorded as an example .
    2．Which of the following statements can correctly explain why we have so many volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean ?
    A．The movement of the surface of the earth makes it possible.
    B．The Pacific Ocean produces magma and presses it everywhere.
    C．The oceans and the continents are separated from each other.
    D．The earth’s surface around the Pacific is thinner than any other part.
    3．Barbara Reynolds’ main purpose here is______________ .
    A．to show how dangerous volcanoes are to the world
    B．to learn what signs a volcano gives us before its eruption
    C．to warn the world of the existence of “the ring of fire”
    D．to introduce some general idea of volcanoes to the public
    4．Which of the following can be considered as the best conclusion of the conversation?
    A．There are so many volcanoes in the world and we are always in danger.
    B．Volcanoes have erupted more frequently than ever before.
    C．Volcanoes are waiting to be better known.
    D．Something must be done to protect the people near the ring of fire.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    Findings from a new study were presented at a recent meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society. Researchers in the United States studied one hundred thousand women during an eight-year period, beginning in nineteen ninety-four. All of the women were fifty years of age or older. The study was part of the Women’s Health Initiative organized by the National Institutes of Health.
    The women were asked questions that measured their beliefs or ideas about the future. The researchers identified each woman’s personality eight years after gathering the information.
    The study found that hopeful individuals were fourteen percent less likely than other women to have died from any cause. The hopeful women were also thirty percent less likely to have died from heart disease after the eight years.
    Hilary Tindle from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in Pennsylvania was the lead author of the report. She said the study confirmed earlier research that linked optimistic feelings to longer life.
    The researchers also gathered information about people’s education, financial earnings, physical activity and use of alcohol or cigarettes. Independent of those things, the findings still showed that optimists had less of a chance of dying during the eight-year period.
    Some women who answered the questions were found to be cynically hostile, or highly untrusting of others. These women were sixteen percent more likely to die than the others. They also were twenty-three percent more likely to die of cancer.
    The study also found that women who were not optimistic were more likely to smoke and have high blood pressure or diabetes. They were also more likely not to exercise.
    Professor Tindle says the study did not confirm whether optimism leads to healthier choices, or if it actually affects a person’s physical health. She also says the study does not prove that negative emotions or distrust lead to bad health effects and shorter life. Yet there does appear to be a link that calls for more research.
    1. What’s the purpose of carrying out the study?
    A. To gather information for the National Institutes of Health.
    B. To find out the relationship between women’s personality and their health.
    C. To decide who is more likely to enjoy happier life.
    D. To identify each woman’s personality 8 years after gathering the information.
    2. What can be inferred from the passage?
    A. It’s uncertain whether optimism affects a person’s physical health.
    B. Negative emotions do cause shorter life.
    C. The connection between personality and health has been established.
    D. The more optimistic you are, the longer life you may enjoy.
    3. According to the passage, who is more likely to die of cancer?
    A. A woman who has high blood pressure or diabetes.
    B. A woman who doesn’t exercise.
    C. A woman who has poor physical health.
    D. A woman who always doubts what others say.
    4. Which of the following is true?
    A. American Psychosomatic Society organized the new study.
    B. Women who were optimistic were less likely to smoke.
    C. More questions were given than those measuring women’s beliefs or ideas.
    D. Hopeful women were 16% less likely to die from heart disease.

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