【题目】 Russia has announced that it is developing a specialized washing machine for astronauts to use in space. The announcement came from a missile, spaceship and space station manufacturer RKK.
Normal washing machines require gravity to function, not to mention significant amounts of water that has to be stored somewhere and increases weight — they are not suitable for space missions (任务). This means that astronauts cannot wash their clothes and either have to pack enough for their whole trip or rely on costly resupply missions and throw used items into space.
Crewmembers taking part in long-term missions on the International Space Station (ISS) often end up wearing the same garments for several continuous days and just change into new ones when they get dirty. Aside from this issue, wearing dirty clothes can be uncomfortable for the astronauts and could also provide perfect conditions for dangerous bacteria to grow and spread.
RKK has previously outlined plans for a space washing machine in a Russian space industry journal paper published in 2017. In the paper, the authors estimated (估计) that 1,450 pounds of clothes are surprisingly transported to the ISS every year to cover the requirements of just three astronauts. And this quantity could increase to three tons for a two-year voyage to Mars involving six crewmembers and could increase the costs and complexity of a mission.
The Russian scientists said that, instead of water, the washing machine would use the carbon dioxide produced by the astronauts’ breathing in the spaceship. Special technology would then turn the gas into a liquid under high pressure in order to clean the clothes.
The Russian designs are not the first proposals for a space washing machine. NASA has previously made a model of a low-power, low-water washing device (设备) which was designed to work in the microgravity of low-Earth orbit or that of the moon or Mars.
【1】Normal washing machines are not suitable in the spaceship mainly because __________.
A.they lead to serious space pollution
B.they make some bacteria spread
C.they require gravity to function
D.they increase the weight of the spaceship
【2】What might be the biggest advantage of the specialized washing machine?
A.Helping astronauts dry their clothes.
B.Having a competition against NASA.
C.Making the missions cheaper and easier.
D.Getting astronauts to adapt to the environment.
【3】Where can astronauts get the liquid for washing clothes in the spaceship?
A.From the water tank in the spaceship.B.From the outer space.
C.From the recycling water in the spaceship.D.From the gas carbon dioxide.
【4】What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Russia is developing a space washing machine.
B.A space washing machine has been used in Russia.
C.NASA’s made a model of a space washing machine.
D.RKK transports tons of clothes to astronauts in space.
【答案】
【1】C
【2】C
【3】D
【4】A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。俄罗斯宣布正在开发一种宇航员在太空中使用的专用洗衣机。洗衣机将使用宇航员在宇宙飞船中呼吸产生的二氧化碳，而不是水。特殊的技术将气体在高压下变成液体，以便清洗衣服。
【1】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Normal washing machines require gravity to function, not to mention significant amounts of water that has to be stored somewhere and increases weight-they are not suitable for space missions.（普通的洗衣机需要重力才能正常工作，更不用说大量的水了，这些水必须储存在某处并增加重量——它们不适合太空任务。）可知普通的洗衣机不适合在宇宙飞船里使用，主要是因为它们需要重力来运转。故选C。
【2】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句And this quantity could increase to three tons for a two-year voyage to Mars involving six crewmembers and could increase the costs and complexity of a mission.（这一数量可能会增加到3吨，用于为期两年的火星之旅，包括6名宇航员，这可能会增加任务的成本和复杂性。）可推测定制洗衣机最大的优点是使在太空洗衣更便宜更容易。故选C。
【3】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The Russian scientists said that, instead of water, the washing machine would use the carbon dioxide produced by the astronauts’ breathing in the spaceship.（俄罗斯科学家说，洗衣机将使用宇航员在宇宙飞船中呼吸产生的二氧化碳，而不是水。）可知宇航员会从气体二氧化碳得到洗衣服的液体。故选D。
【4】主旨大意题。根据第一段Russia has announced that it is developing a specialized washing machine for astronauts to use in space.（俄罗斯宣布正在开发一种宇航员在太空中使用的专用洗衣机。）以及文章主要内容围绕着俄罗斯正在研制一种太空洗衣机这一事件，故选A。
推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如第二小题，根据第四段最后一句And this quantity could increase to three tons for a two-year voyage to Mars involving six crewmembers and could increase the costs and complexity of a mission.（这一数量可能会增加到3吨，用于为期两年的火星之旅，包括6名宇航员，这可能会增加任务的成本和复杂性。）可推测定制洗衣机最大的优点是使在太空洗衣更便宜更容易。故选C。
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