2. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain,newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. (P12)

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2. [·ÖÎö]evil leaders

[·Âд]Although the money needed for the operation is difficult to raise,it doesn¡¯t cast down the parents hoping to cure their son.

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             Japanese fans who watched their national team be defeated by the Ivory Coast on Saturday showed it is possible to lose graciously(ÓÅÑŵØ)£¬ when they stayed behind after the match to help clean up.

             Despite seeing Japan,s Blue Samurais lose 2-1 against the Ivory Coast's national team at the Arena Pernambuco in Recife,the Japanese audience armed with plastic bags searched their side of the stadium and gathered up dropped litter. While gathering waste after a sporting event is customary in Japan,the audience's actions came as a shock to football fans from other countries.

             This isn't the first time the Japanese have taken trash outside the stadium. The 1998 FIFA World Cup held in France was the first ever World Cup that Japan had qualified for. After their first group game against Argentina,the Japanese fans gave the world a lesson in politeness and respect by actually cleaning the football stadium seats. They picked up all the trash around them whether it was theirs or not. They then walked out and threw the trash in the garbage cans before leaving.

            The all-around cleanliness of Japanese large cities comes as a culture shock to people coming from other big cities in the world. This tidiness is not due to millions of dollars spent on street cleaners and ¡°Let's clean-up our city¡± campaigns. It's not due to effective public works or community service. It's due to one simple thing: They don't throw their rubbish on the. floor. This unique and rare concept allows for both huge cities and the countryside to stay neat and tidy.

            To reinforce (¼ÓÇ¿) this behavior,the common signs in Japan ask people to take their litter home with them. Then,to reinforce the sign,they usually have no garbage cans in the parks. So when faced with the choice-of throwing their garbage on the ground or keeping it with them,they keep it. They don't need a ¡°Don¡¯t Litter¡± or ¡°Keep Japan Beautifur,sign. They have been doing it their whole lives and are used to taking their garbage with them.

28. The story in Paragraph 3 mainly shows that.

   A. Japanese people are used to carrying their own trash

   B. Japanese fans have a habit of cleaning up the stadium

   C. Japanese fans often clean stadium seats before the game

   D. the Japanese are very interested in watching football games

29. What can we say about Japanese big cities¡¯cleanliness?

   A. It has become common practice.

   B. It is the result of community service.

   C. It costs millions of dollars every year.

   D. It exists because of public campaigns.

30. Which of the following do the Japanese accept as normal?

   A. Punishing the behavior of littering.

   B. Many signs reading ¡°Don¡¯t Litter¡±.

   C. Lots of garbage cans in the parks.

   D. Taking litter away with them.

31. The author¡¯s attitude to the Japanese audience might be that of .

   A. criticism   B. unconcern

   C. respect     D. doubt

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             For decades,scientists thought the Tandayapa Andean toad (ó¸òÜ) was extinct. But a group of researchers recently came upon two living Tandayapa Andean toads in the foggy forests of Ecuador (South America) .

             The rare,tiny brown toad was first discovered in 1970 in the Tandayapa Valley,located in Pichincha province in the northern part of Ecuador.

             After finding one toad,biologists spent weeks looking for more. But they did not find any,and the toad was declared extinct almost as soon as it was discovered.

             More than 40 years later,a team of scientists found not one,but two toads similar to the Tandayapa Andean. But these toads were not found in the same place. Instead,scientists found the twosome in the foggy forests of the neighboring Imbabura province.

            ¡°At first sight I couldn¡¯t identify the species Ò» it wasn't even on my radar (À×´ï) , since they hadn¡¯t been seen in ¡­years ,¡± Ryan Lynch,the lead scientist,told National Geographic. aBut I knew that it was something very rare."

             On a return trip,biologists found many more specimens of the brown toad in the same area. Experts have declared that the species is not at all extinct.

             The Tandayapa toad develops differently from other toads. Most toad babies start life as tadpoles,which have gills (Èú) and live in water. But Tandayapa toad babies,called toadlets,develop on land. These toadlets skip the tadpole stage entirely.

              The Tandayapa's appearance is strange too. As toadlets,they are covered in patterns of copper and gold,with snaking white lines on their bellies. This pattern gets darker as the toads grow. By the time they become adults,they appear completely brown without a pattern and have white bumps (͹Æð) on their sides. Typical toads don't experience such extreme color and pattern changes.

              Although scientists are excited about the reappearance of the Tandayapa toad,they still worry about the species' survival. Humans have been clearing much of the. forest where the toads live.

However,environmental groups are working to get these forest areas protected. Many hope that the rediscovery of the tiny brown Tandayapa toad may help make their case.

1. The Tandayapa Andean toad discovered in 1970 .

   A. preferred living in pairs

   B. got used to the dry weather

   C. could be spotted everywhere in Ecuador

   D. was considered the only one of this species

2. Ryan Lynch discovered Tandayapa Andean toads .

   A. completely by chance

   B. with the help of his radar

   C. thanks to his return trip to Ecuador

   D. in the same place the first toad was found

3. The Tandayapa Andean toads experience color changes when .

   A. they are threatened

   B. the weather changes

   C. they are growing up

   D. their habitats change

4. What's the present situation of the Tandayapa Andean toads?

   A. They multiply rapidly.

   B. They¡¯ re still in danger.

   C. They,re well protected.

   D. They grow bigger than before.

5. What would be the best title for the text?

   A. Living on land

   B. Lost in the forest

   C. Fighting for survival

   D. Back from extinction

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1. The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me,but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.(P2)

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Task II. Read the text and put the following events in the correct order.

   A. The native people suffered greatly after the arrival of the Europeans.

   B. Russian hunters came to Alaska.

   C. The Spanish began to rule California.

   D. Italian fishermen and wine makers arrived in California.

   E. Native Americans came to California by crossing the Bering Strait.

   F. The USA declared war on Mexico.

   G. Gold was discovered in California.

   H. Indians and Pakistanis came to California for the computer industry.

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6. The question is who's responsible for has happened.

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4. Roz is s and let you know what she's thinking.

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1. Wearing seat belts in cars is (Ç¿ÖƵÄ) by law.

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