【题目】 You already know many things that can reduce your chances of getting various types of cancer. Avoiding tobacco (烟草) products is an important thing, but have you ever considered your choice of dinner time as a reason for your risk of cancer? Probably not, but new research suggests that you might want to consider it.
A new study published in the International Journal of Cancer draws some very interesting connection between people’s time for dinner and their risk (风险) of developing certain types of cancers, including breast and prostate (前列腺) cancer, which are two of the largest killers of men and women.
“Modern life often means mistimed sleeping and eating that are connected with poor health effects in experimental studies,” the researchers explain. The research mainly focuses on how long before bedtime a person eats their last meal of the day. People who eat before 9 p. m or eat at least n couple of hours before hitting the sack have lower risks of developing cancers. The scientists find that these people enjoy a 20% drop in cancer risk when compared to those who eat dinner after 10 p.m. or eat right before climbing into bed.
The researchers followed the habits of thousands of people and tracked their nighttime eating habits and whether or not they developed cancer over the long term. The numbers seem to point towards early dinners being a very beneficial thing if you’re hoping to avoid some of the more common types of cancer, but the scientists still don’t know exactly why that’s true. At the moment they believe circadian rhythm (生物钟) is playing a role, though they can’t say exactly how.
【1】Why are tobacco products mentioned (提到) in Paragraph 1?
A.To introduce the topic.
B.To make comparisons.
C.To advertise some products.
D.To show the harm of smoking.
【2】What does the underlined part “hitting the sack” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Getting up.B.Going to bed.
C.Drinking some soup.D.Taking some medicine.
【3】What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.The researchers didn’t have long-term research plans.
B.The researchers need further work to improve their study.
C.The researchers have confirmed the way of circadian rhythm works.
D.The researchers have found the real causes of some types of cancer.
【4】What is mainly talked about in the passage?
A.Food and cancer.B.Tobacco and cancer.
C.Sleeping and cancer.D.Dinner time and cancer.
【答案】
【1】A
【2】B
【3】B
【4】D
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究让人们关注晚餐时间和患癌症风险的关系。研究人员发现与那些在晚上10点后吃晚饭或在睡觉前吃东西的人相比，晚上9点之前吃晚餐或者在至少睡觉前几个小时吃晚餐的人患癌症的风险下降了20%。
【1】推理判断题。第1段中提到“避免烟草产品可以减少患各种癌症的几率”，然后用转折词but转换话题，引出下面的话题“晚餐时间和患癌症风险”。因此作者在第1段中提到“烟草产品”是为了引出文章的话题。故选A 项。
【2】词句猜测题。在第3段中，作者将“People who eat before 9 p. m or eat at least a couple of hours before hitting the sack”和“those who eat dinner after 10 p.m. or eat right before climbing into bed”这两类人进行对比，可以推测“hitting the sack”和“climbing into bed”含义相同。因此“hitting the sack”意为“上床睡觉”。故选B 项。
【3】推理判断题。根据第四段“but the scientists still don’t know exactly why that’s true. …though they can’t say exactly how”，科学家们还不能准确地知道为什么早吃晚餐对身体有益，也不能准确地说明生物钟是如何发挥作用的。因此可以推测，研究者们还需要作出进一步的研究。故选B项。
【4】主旨大意题。文章介绍了一项新的研究引起人们关注晚餐时间和患癌症风险的关系。第一段 “have you ever considered your choice of dinner time as a reason for your risk of cancer？”就是该研究要探究的话题。因此文章是关于晚餐时间和患癌症风险之间的关系。故选D项。
备战中考寒假系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：
【题目】增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。
In recent years，campus security have become a hot topic. In Safety Education Day，I was honored to be a volunteer raise the primary school students' awareness of safety. I told those students about things what they should never do. For an example，don't fly a kite near electrical wires or play with fire-fighting equipments. While in school，never run up and down the stairs. In addition, clean windows without any means of protection is also dangerously. I hoped these tips will help they avoid danger.
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【题目】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I was reading an article in a newspaper when I came across a word I don’t know. “Dad, would you explain with me what the word ostensibly means?” My dad, as he more often did after works, was watching his favorite show. He replied immediate, “You have a dictionary don’t you? Just help yourself.” Without look at my face, he continued enjoying my show. I went back to my room, on my study table was that dictionary, what Dad bought me as a birthday gift. I will remember a lesson Dad taught me forever: Help myself all the time.
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【题目】阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Danger at Scituate Lighthouse
Rebecca stood by her father, looking out the windows of Scituate Lighthouse. Low sand dunes(沙丘) with sea grass topped the Massachusetts beach. There were no clouds in the sky—nothing at all to give warning of the danger that was sailing toward them.
"Now, Rebecca, " Mr. Bates began, gazing out across the open sea, "I want you and Abigail to help your mother and take care of things while I go to town for food and supplies. I won’t be gone long. "
"We’ll help, " Rebecca promised.
"I know I can count on you. "
Still, Mr. Bates looked a little worried about leaving the lighthouse. After all, peace between the US and the UK had not yet been declared, even though the war of 1812 was nearly over. Although English warships used to frequently attack towns along the coast—including Scituate—no English soldiers had been sighted for a long time. Besides, Rebecca thought as she watched her father set off, the family would soon starve if he didn’t go for food.
Her father hadn’t been gone long when Rebecca happened to look out the window at the ocean. What she saw nearly made her heart stop. It was an enemy ship: a small, light-gunned British warship. Calling for her mother, she grabbed her father’s telescope and could just make out the name painted on the side: La Hogue.
Rebecca, Abigail, and their mother stood together, frightened, as they watched the ship sail closer. Mother told the girls to watch the ship while she tried to sound the alarm and warn the home guard in the nearby village. The girls watched helplessly as the great ship drew near. Two small boats were lowered off the side, and Rebecca knew the boats would come ashore quickly.
It was time to run. As they ran down the lighthouse stairs, Rebecca suddenly stopped when she saw her fife(横笛). Oh my! She thought. It just might work… Rebecca grabbed the fife and the drum(鼓) that Abigail had been learning to play.
Paragraph 1：
She and her sister hurried out of the lighthouse and over to the large sand dunes that lay behind it.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
The English soldiers looked nervously at one another—the music of “Yankee Doodle” had to be coming from the confident American soldiers.
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【题目】Local police said a large number of civilians are among the victims and many of the bodies were reportedly burned __________.
A.beyond controlB.beyond description
C.beyond repairD.beyond recognition
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【题目】 Researchers from Pennsylvania University suggest that loud snoring can be caused by having a fat tongue. Scientists have long known that losing weight can help the condition, but now they know why. It explains why losing weight reduces the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停).
Improved symptoms are linked to slimming down the unexpected part of the body - opening the door to better treatments. Professor Richard Schwab, chief of sleep medicine at Pennsylvania University, said: "Most clinicians, and even experts in the sleep apnoea world, have not typically focused on fat in the tongue for treating sleep apnoea."Having a large neck was previously believed to be the culprit(引起问题的事物). Prof Schwab said: "Now we know tongue fat is a risk factor and sleep apnoea improves when tongue fat is reduced, we have established a unique therapeutic target that we've never had before.
In sleep apnoea the airways become blocked - leading tosnoring. It blights the lives of four and two percent of middle aged men and women, respectively, in the UK. Long term, sleep apnoea is linked with a number of chronic diseases, including highblood pressure, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke and depression.
Analyzing MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans of the throat and nose of obese patients, the researchers found reducing tongue fat is the key. They found that a reduction in tongue fat volume was the key factor. Weight loss also resulted in a smaller pterygoid - the jaw muscle that controls chewing. This is irrespective of whether they appear to fall into the typical "high-risk" obese categories, said Prof Schwab.
He added: "Primary care doctors, and perhaps even dentists, should be asking about snoring and sleepiness in all patients, even those who have a normal body mass index, as, based on our data, they may also be at risk for sleep apnoea."
Twenty-two million Americans suffer from sleep apnoea, in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts, causing patients to wake up randomly throughout their sleep cycles. One of the recommended treatments is CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure), which has been free on the NHS since March 2008.
【1】What can we learn from Prof Schwab?
A.People with high tongue fat must be at high risk of obesity.
B.Sleep apnea improves when tongue fat is reduced.
C.Patients with a normal body mass index won’t develop sleep apnea.
D.Most clinicians focus on the fat on the tongue to treat sleep apnea.
【2】What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A.The shape of tongue fat.
B.The harm of tongue fat.
C.The feature of tongue fat.
D.The cause of tongue fat.
【3】What does the underlined word “blight” in the third paragraph most probably mean?
A.harmB.affect
C.benefitD.cost
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【题目】 For the most part, American children aren’t great at math. But Chinese children tend to be excellent. It’s consistently found Chinese students at the top of the academic pile and Americans much nearer the bottom.
In Lenora Chu’s book “Little Soldiers: An American Boy, a Chinese School”, she begins to reveal the cultural differences that lead to this gap. The differences she notices in children’s focus and discipline are dramatic, but she also notices cultural differences that influence how Chinese schools are run, and the reason why its students test so well. Along with factors such as highly trained teachers and an emphasis on memorizing before pursuing deeper understanding, the difference comes down to a belief that has begun slowly making its way across the US: achievement is the result of hard work, not natural ability.
This approach comes from a firm belief that anything is possible with hard work, with chiku, or “eating bitter”. Studies show that for kids who score poorly. Chinese teachers believe a lack of effort—rather than of smarts — is to blame.
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In America students are told that learning is fun and easy. But real learning is actually very difficult and takes suffering and anxiety. If you’re not willing to go through that you’re not going to learn deeply. The downside is these students often give up when something gets hard or when it’s no longer fun.
【1】According to Lenora Chu, what contributes most to the Chinese students’excellent academic performance?
A.School operation model.B.The emphasis on memorizing.
C.High-qualified teachers.D.Chinese culture.
【2】According to Chinese teachers, students failing an exam are______.
A.lazyB.slow
C.unfocusedD.foolish
【3】Which of the following is TRUE according to Carol Dweck’s theory?
A.A majority of Chinese students are born excellent learners.
B.American students tend to believe learning ability is genetically determined.
C.Amerlcan students should choose a Chinese school to achieve success.
D.American students are lacking in a fixed mindset, compared to Chinese students.
【4】What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.Students should study in a fun way.
B.American students are always anxious about their study.
C.American students have no difficulty in learning deeply.
D.Diligence plays an essential part in learning.
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【题目】 We just waved goodbye to this year's Mother's Day.【1】, but there are still things you might not know about Mother's Day.
The founder fought back.
Although Julia Ward Howe first suggested a day for mothers, Anna Jarvis campaigned for a national day for moms, in memory of her own mother, Ann Jarvis, who had spent years working to provide resources for poor mothers in West Virginia.【2】, but within a few years, Jarvis became annoyed with how commercial the day had become and started a petition（请愿）to cancel the holiday.（That clearly didn't come to pass.）
It is an active day on the phone lines.
【3】. One study suggests that the more widespread use of cell phones has greatly increased the amount of contact adult children have with their mothers. So don't be lazy: your mom definitely expects to receive your call, and not just with a text message.
【4】
If you're thinking about taking your mom out to eat, you might want to consider which time of the day will have enough open tables. Mother's Day is the busiest day of the year for restaurants, with some 80 million adults dining out, which tops even Valentine's Day. Therefore, if you'd like to treat your mom to her favorite cuisine, go earlier on that day.
All in all, Mother's Day is set up to honor mothers' love and care for the family, so even a handmade card can show your appreciation.【5】
A.Mother's Day became an official holiday in 1914
B.Their devotion deserves your attention and respect
C.Some of you may find that day not new to you at all
D.Some of you might have forgotten to send greetings
E.Many people honor more than one mother in their life
F.It is the busiest day of the year in the restaurant industry
G.Call volume in the US goes up 11 percent on Mother's Day
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【题目】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One day, I played the chess with Father and I won the first round, said proudly: “Dad, you have to fight.” Father replied he will get back in the next round. The second round began and I launched a series of attacks, that caught my dad off guard and led to much falls. My heart leaped with the joy that he could win again. I thought victory was within my grasp, but I defeated instead. Dad explained that I should have taken a long-term view so that I could succeed eventually. Father’s words made me comprehended a principle that we students should look forward to the future. More important, we should be good at seizing opportunities, making plan, and moving forward to the goal.
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