Pretending to be happy can actually make you more miserable — especially if you’re a woman, according to a new study.
The research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy. Psychologist Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can backfire. He said, “Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion, and that’s bad for the organization.”
Dr. Scott said the research showed customer-service workers who “fake smile” throughout the day worsen their mood and then withdraw from work, so their productivity drops. He added, “Bosses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but that’s not necessarily the case.” Dr. Scott, assistant professor of management at Michigan State University, analyzed a group of bus drivers during a two- week period.
The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional displays over a period of time and compare the different effect that has on men and women. His team examined the effects of surface acting — or fake smiling — compared to what was termed “deep acting”, or cultivating(培养) positive emotions by recalling pleasant memories.
Dr. Scott said, “Women are harmed more by surface acting, meaning their mood worsens even more than the men and they withdraw more from work. However, they are helped more by deep acting, which means their mood improves more.”
Although “deep acting” seems to improve mood in the short-term, Dr. Scott said it’s not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy.
He said, “You’re trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”
1.What does the underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Have the opposite effect. B. Lead to conflict.
C. Drive people mad. D. Help a lot.
2.What can we learn from the passage?
A. Surface acting is good for organizations.
B. Men benefit more from deep acting than women.
C. Fake smiling causes more harm to women than men.
D. Recalling good memories is a long-term solution to feeling down.
3.The findings of the research might serve as a warning to _______.
A. employees B. employers C. researchers D. customers.
4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Solution to feeling unhappy
B. How to cultivate positive emotions
C. How to improve workers’ productivity
D. Fake smiling makes you miserable
1.A
2.C
3.B
4.D
【解析】
试题分析：文章介绍一项调查发现假笑会带来情绪的疲劳，假笑给女性带来的痛苦比男性多，而且假笑对组织和公司的影响是不好的，所以老板们应该把这个研究结果当成是警告。
1.猜词题：从后面的解释：Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion, and that’s bad for the organization.”假笑会带来情绪的疲劳对组织是不好的，说明假笑对有不好的影响，backfire 和Have the opposite effect.意思相近，选A
2.细节题：从第二段的句子：The research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy.可知假笑给女性带来的痛苦比男性多，选C
3.推理题：从第二段的句子：Psychologist Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can backfire. 和第三段的句子：“Bosses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but that’s not necessarily the case.”可以看出老板应该把这个研究当成警告。选B
4.主旨题：从第一段的句子：Pretending to be happy can actually make you more miserable — especially if you’re a woman, according to a new study.可知这篇文章讲的是假笑会让人觉得你是痛苦的，选D
考点：考查社会现象类短文
科学实验活动册系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Recently，I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive，the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight __1__ before setting down. High desert winds had __2__ the airport to close all but one runway. He said that we would be __3__ the city for a few minutes waiting to __4__. We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened __5__ there might be a few bumps(颠簸)．We11，that few minutes turned into about forty－five minutes，including a ride that would make a roller coaster(过山车) __6__ by comparison. The movement was so fierce that several passengers felt __7__ and had to use airsickness bags. As you might guess，that's not a good thing to have happen in a(n) __8__ space because it only __9__ to increase the discomfort of the situation.
About twenty minutes into the adventure，the entire airplane became very __10__.There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be __11__ noticed.Every passenger simply held on for dear life...except one. A __12__ was having a good time! With each bump of the __13__， he would let out a giggle(咯咯的笑)of delight. As I observed this，I __14__ that he didn't know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his __15__. He neither thought about the past nor about the future. Those are what we grown－ups have learned from __16__.He was __17__ the ride because he had not yet been taught to fear it. Having understood this，I took a deep breath and __18__ back into my seat，pretending I was __19__ on a roller coaster. I smiled for the rest of the flight. I even __20__ to giggle once or twice，much to the chagrin(懊恼)of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag.
1. A. mistake B. delay C. change D. wind
2. A. forced B. warned C. swept D. reminded
3. A. watching B. visiting C. circling D. crossing
4. A. arrive B. enter C. stop D. land
5. A. if B. though C. because D. while
6. A. light B. pale C. easy D. quick
7. A. sick B. nervous C. angry D. afraid
8. A. empty B. narrow C. secret D. open
9. A. happens B. continues C. fails D. serves
10. A. quiet B. hot C. dirty D. crowded
11. A. partly B. gradually C. shortly D. clearly
12. A. pilot B. baby C. guard D. man
13. A. seats B. passengers
C. flight D. airplane
14. A. realized B. hoped C. agreed D. insisted
15. A. health B. safety C. joy D. future
16. A. teachers B. books C. experience D. practice
17. A. learning B. taking C. missing D. enjoying
18. A. sat B. lay C. went D. rode
19. A. nearly B. finally C. really D. suddenly
20. A. attempted B. managed C. wanted D. decided
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D
As the country's economy continues to steam ahead,once popular forms of entertainment,such as Karaoke(卡拉OK),card games and even boxing bars,appear to be losting their attractiveness.Stressed out white - collar wokers are camping out on rooftops,smashing(砸）up restaurants,pretending to be children and even visiting cemeteries in a effort to ease the pressure of modern life.
Consider the members of Shanghai's Cat Rain club.By day,this group of young women work executive (决策管理的) jobs,but by night they climb buildings so they can spend the night on the roof."You feel relaxed when you're sitting on the roof,looking up to the sky and chatting with friends," said Gong Ying,25.
The stress of work is not just limited to people in Shanghai.A recently opened restaurant in Beijing encourages customers(顾客) to smash plates --- as long as they are willing to pay to replace them.Some workers even wish to return to their childhoods.Recently,hundreds of people took part in a festival in which adults pretended to be children.It was an adultsonly event,and participants could read comics and eat sweets all day.
Scenic places such as parks and rivers can also help people relax and put things in perspective.But a cemetery?
Cemetery companies in Shanghai organized visits to local graveyards for stressed - out workers in March.The participants were taken to quiet spots in the cemetery where they could think about life and their futures."Pressure may bring us unhappiness,but it doesn't mean we can't find ways out,"says Chen Bin,a rooftop camping fan with still some other interests."Life should be imaginative."
68.Peopel are going to those new activities mainly for ______.
A.recreation B.new ideas C.physical refreshment D.psychological relaxation
69.The underlined phrase "put things in perspective"in the 4th paragraph possibly means______.
A.have a good rest B.get over negative feelings
C.take physical exercise D.judge things correctly
70.When Chen Bin says:"Life should be imaginative",she means______.
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B.the dead can be alive in our imagination
C.people should create new ways of life
D.we should view life positively
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The English, as a race, are very different in many ways from all other nationalities, including their closest neighbors, the French, the Belgians and the Dutch. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons are, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed many attitudes and habits which distinguish him from other nationalities.
Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully relaxed only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems restrained, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a city train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or having a light sleep in a corner, and no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most unusual. An Englishman, pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, once suggested, “On entering a railway carriage, shake hands with all the passengers.” Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, if broken, makes the person immediately suspected.
In many parts of the world it is quite normal to show openly extremes of enthusiasm, emotion, excitement, etc, often accompanied by appropriate gesture. The Englishman is somewhat different. Of course, an Englishman feels no less deeply than anyone of a different nationality, but he tends to display his feelings far less. This is reflected in his use of language. Imagine a man commenting on the great beauty of a young girl. A more emotional man might describe her state “Oh, she is a goddess”, whereas an Englishman might just say “Oh, she’s all right.” An Englishman who has seen a highly successful and enjoyable film recommends it to a friend by commenting, “It’s not bad you know”, or on seeing some very unusual scenery he might convey (表达) his pleasure by saying, “Nice, yes, very nice.” The overseas visitor must not be disappointed by this apparent lack of interest and involvement. Instead, he must realize that “all right,” “not bad,” and “nice,” very often have the sense of “first-class,” “excellent,” “beautiful”. This unique style of language use is particularly common in England, and is known as restrained statement.
【小题1】According to the passage, the English are different from other nationalities in _______.
| A．habits | B．attitudes | C．character | D．all of the above |
| A．calm and controlled | B．polite and friendly |
| C．nervous and quiet | D．silent and kind |
| A．talk with others as much as possible |
| B．behave just like the English do |
| C．say nothing about yourself |
| D．shake hands with everyone you meet |
| A．not bad | B．correct | C．quite right | D．wonderful |
| A．doesn’t like to show his feelings so much |
| B．has less emotion than people of other nationalities |
| C．finds it easy to express his emotion |
| D．likes to have a joke with strangers |
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Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously, Jason was determined not to go against their father’s wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.
“Dad will be really mad if he finds out you’ve been playing with his new computer.” Jason said, “He told us not to touch it.”
“He won’t find out,” Mark said. “I’ll just have a quick look and shut it down.”
Mark had been scolded before for touching his father’s equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.
It was a strange-looking machine — one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. “It’s an experimental model,” his father had explained, “so don’t touch it under any circumstances.” But his father’s warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into colors, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the centre of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.” “Yes!” Mark cried excitedly, “It’s a computer game. I knew it! Dad’s only been pretending to work. He’s really been playing games instead.” A new message appeared on the screen: “ENTER NAMES
VOYAGER 1:…
VOYAGER 2:…”
Mark’s fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names.
“INPUT ACCEPTED. START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED (自动回收程序已启动).”
The screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.
“I think we’d better shut it off, Mark,” Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened.
But his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow(光芒) , until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed.
“TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION (目的地)：MARS. RETRIEVE DATE: 2025.”
1.Why did Mark touch the computer against his father’s warning?
A. He wanted to take a voyage. B. He wanted to practice his skill.
C. He was so much attracted by it. D. He was eager to do an experiment.
2.Where did the boys’ father most likely work?
A. In an electronic factory.
B. In a computer company.
C. In a scientific research center.
D. In an information processing center.
3. Mark thought “SPACE TRANSPORTER” on the screen was the name of______.
A. a computer game B. a company website
C. a software producer D. an astronomy
4.Why did Jason want to shut off the computer?
A. He was afraid of being scolded.
B. He didn’t like the loud noise and light.
C. He didn’t want to play games any more.
D. He was afraid something dangerous might happen.
5. What happened to the boys at the end of the story?
A. They were blown into the air.
B. They were sent to another planet.
C. They were hidden in the strong light.
D. They were carried away to another country.
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They say there are three ways to experience the Grand Canyon; on foot, on mules(骡子) or by air. We chose the first. Up early; my husband and I and our three children couldn’t wait to get started. We decided to walk along a lovely path named Bright Angel Trail.
As we set out, I was shocked at how narrow the path was. And I couldn’t help noticing that the other tourists weren’t like us. They had heavy backpacks, water bottles, and hats. But as usual we were dressed, As the sun rose higher, Arizona’s famous heat seemed to roast(烘烤) us. There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. By the time we finally got back, our legs were like jelly.
The next day, after we’d had a long rest and a good breakfast, we were ready for another view of the Canyon – by air. After our last walk, this would be the easiest thing in the world.
We called to each other excitedly as the plane took off and circled around the Canyon. But the smiles on our faces disappeared as the pilot tossed(翻转) the plane around, pretending he was going to hit the ground. I shouted, “STOP, TAKE US BACK!” When we finally arrived back on land, once again our legs were like jelly. We hardly spoke as we drove back.
As I said, there are three ways to view the Grand Canyon. We never tried the mules, but personally I’d suggest a fourth: buy yourself a good magazine like National Geographic. That way, you can see the Canyon, without fear or tiredness.
1.Which of the following is true according to the second paragraph?
|
A．They made a careful preparation before the trip |
|
B．They children were more joyful than their parents. |
|
C．Bright Angel Trail was not as lovely as they expected. |
|
D．The summer heat prevented them from enjoying the view. |
2.The underlined expression “Our legs were like jelly” probably means .
|
A．we were weak |
B．we were unhappy |
|
C．we were dissatisfied |
D．we were disappointed |
3.Which of the following best describes their Canyon trip by air?
|
A．It proved to be frightening. |
B．It was more comfortable |
|
C．It turned out to be exciting |
D．It made each of them tired. |
4.We can infer from the passage that .
|
A．experiencing the Canyon on mules would be the best way |
|
B．one needs to dress less when visiting the Grand Canyon. |
|
C．the writer was not serious when she made the suggestion. |
|
D．the whole family narrowly escaped from the air accident. |
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