5.one of the popular views regarding teenagers is that they are poor decision makers and engage in risky behavior.This popular view is usually explained in terms of the teenage brain (or mind) being immature and lacking the reasoning abilities of adults.Of course,adults often engage in poor decision-making and risky behavior too.
Currently,one plausible hypothesis (似乎正确的假说) is that teenagers differ from adults in terms of how they evaluate the value of a reward.The main difference is that teenagers place higher value on rewards (at least certain rewards) than adults.If this is correct,it certainly makes sense that teenagers are more willing than adults to engage in risk taking.
Obviously enough,adults also vary in their willingness to take risks and some of this difference is,presumably,a matter of the value the adults place on the rewards relative to the risks.So,for example,if Sam values the enjoyment of rock climbing more than Sally,then Sam will (somewhat) rationally accept more risks in regards to rock climbing than Sally.Assuming that teenagers generally value rewards more than adults do,then the greater risk taking behavior of teens relative to adults makes considerable sense.
It might be wondered why teenagers place more value on rewards than adults.One popular theory is based on the workings of the brain.From this point of view,the sensitivity of the human brain to dopamine and oxytocin peaks during the teenage years.Dopamine is a neurotransmitter (神经介质) that is supposed to trigger (激活) the"reward"mechanisms (过程) of the brain.Oxytocin is another neurotransmitter,one that is also linked with the"reward"mechanisms as well as social activity.Assuming that the teenage brain is more sensitive to these chemicals,then it makes sense that teenagers would place more value on rewards.This is because they do,in fact,get a greater reward than adults.Or,more accurately,they feel more rewarded.This,of course,might be one and the same thing-perhaps the value of a reward is a matter of how rewarded a person feels.This does raise an interesting subject,namely whether the value of a reward is a subjective or objective matter.
Adults are often critical of what they regard as teens'unwise risk behavior.While my teen years are well behind me,I have looked back on some of my decisions that seemed like good ideas at the time.Yet my adult assessment is that they were not good decisions.However,I have to admit that my adult self now judges my kid self rather unfairly.After all,there does seem to be considerable relativity to value and it seems to be mere prejudice (偏见) to say that my current evaluation should be automatically taken as being better than the evaluations of the past.
62.According to the passage,many people think teenagers'adventurous behavior results from theirC.
A.growing interest and curiosity
B.wish to call people's attention
C.immaturity and unreasonable thinking
D.strong desire to be accepted by other people
63.As to the difference between teenagers and adults,teenagersD.
A.use a different system to make evaluations
B.place a higher value on risk taking behavior
C.are more likely to spend time on rock climbing
D.produce more chemicals related to reward mechanisms
64.What can we infer from the last paragraph?B
A.Adults should often evaluate the decisions they made before.
B.It's unfair for people to regard teenagers as poor decision makers.
C.When teenagers make decisions,they should follow their parents'advice.
D.Adults'current decisions are better than those they made in their teenage years.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了青少年有更多的危险性行为比成人,猜测这是由于他们不成熟与不合理的思维.
解答 62.C.推理判断题.根据第三段One popular theory is based on the workings of the brain.From this point of view,the sensitivity of the human brain to dopamine and oxytocin peaks during the teenage years.Dopamine is a neurotransmitter (神经介质) that is supposed to trigger (激活) the"reward"mechanisms (过程) of the brain可知很多人认为青少年的危险性行为是由于他们不成熟与不合理的思维;故选C.
63.D.细节理解题.根据第三段Oxytocin is another neurotransmitter,one that is also linked with the"reward"mechanisms as well as social activity可知青少年与成年人的差异中.青少年可以引起更多的化学物质奖励机制有关;故选D.
64.B.推理判断题.根据最后一段However,I have to admit that my adult self now judges my kid self rather unfairly可知这是不公平的人不允许青少年作为决策者;故选B.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.