18．Mrs．Obama spoke to the graduates of Martin Luther King Jr．High School on Saturday in her only high school commencement（毕业典礼）speech this year．The ceremony took place in the gymnasium of Tennessee State University．
The first lady told the 170graduates that she spent too much of her time in college focusing on academe achievements．While her success in college and law school led to a good job，she said，she ended up focusing on public service．"My message to you today is that don't waste a minute living someone else's dream，"she said．"It takes a lot of real work to discover what brings you joy and you won't find what you love simply by checking mailboxes or surfing the net．"
She said MLK reminded her of her own high school experience in Chicago．"My No.1goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me，"she said．"I wanted to go somewhere that would celebrate achievement．Unfortunately，schools like this don't exist for every kid．"she said．"You are blessed．"
The first lady told graduates that failure may be a part of their college lives and careers，and that how they respond determines what they will become．"That's when you find out what you're really made of in those hard times，"she said．"But you can only do that if you're willing to put yourself in a position where you might fail．"Overcoming difficulties has been the mark of many great people，she said，"Oprah was demoted（降职）from her first job as a news reporter，and now she doesn't even need a last name，"she said of media giant Oprah Winfrey"And then there's this guy Barack Obama，I could take up a whole afternoon talking about his failures．He lost his first race for Congress"，the first lady joked，"and now he gets to call himself my husband．"
29．When choosing her high school，Mrs．ObamaA．
A．was willing to meet challenges B．was pushed to make a choice
C．failed to find an ideal school D．wanted to study law
30．By mentioning Oprah's example，Mrs．Obama wanted to tell graduatesC．
A．to start as a news reporter B．to work hard to get promoted
C．to be brave enough to risk failing D．not to waste time doing what they dislike
31．What do we know about Mrs．Obama from the text？D
A．This was the first time she gave a speech to graduates．
B．She complained about her school life in her speech．
C．She is a graduate of Tennessee State University．
D．She is enthusiastic about public service．
32．Where can you probably find this text？B
A．In a politics book． B．On a news website．
C．In a graduation paper． D．On Mrs．Obama's blog．
分析 又是一年毕业季，美国第一夫人米歇尔•奥巴马向毕业生现身说法，告诫他们在大学、生活和工作中要走自己的路，依靠决心和勇气战胜不可避免的失败．
解答 29-32 ACDB
29．A 细节理解题．由第三段的"My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me"可知，奥巴马夫人选择高中时，非常乐意遇到挑战．
30．C 推理判断题．根据最后一段开头"…The first lady told graduates that failure may be a part of their college lives and careers，and that how they respond determines what they will become．"可知，以Oprah为例子是为了告诉毕业生们，要敢于和失败作斗争，失败是生命中必不可少的磨练人的东西．
31．D 推理判断题．由第二段的"she said，she ended up focusing on public service．"My message to you today is that don't waste a minute living someone else's dream，"she said．"It takes a lot of real work to discover what brings you joy and you won't find what you love simply by checking mailboxes or surfing the net．"可知她对公共服务很热心，故D正确．
32．B 推理判断题．纵观全文，奥巴马夫人用自己和奥巴马先生上学时候的经历鼓励毕业生们要勇敢地面对自己的未来．
点评 如何做好推理判断题？生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的弦外之音．
首先，要求考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义．在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断．
其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西．
再次，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题 思想、作者的意图进行推断．
针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断．
针对主题 思想 作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题 思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证（opinion and fact）、原因与结果（cause and effect）、主观点与次观点（main idea and supporting idea）．
