Question

【题目】 The study, published today in the journal PLOS Biology shows that the average body size and number of sharks and other marine predators—vital to maintaining healthy ocean ecosystems—fell significantly near cities with more than 10,000 people and associated fishing boats.

The minimum distance from people and fishing which had no measurable effect was 1,250 kilometers. This is far further than previous studies have suggested and probably reflects the increased distances fishing boats can now travel. As a result, sharks were only observed at 12% of sites monitored.

Lead author Dr. Tom Letessier said, 'Human activity is now the biggest influence on sharks' distribution. Just 13% of the world's oceans can be considered 'wilderness' but sharks and other predators are much more common and significantly larger at distances greater than 1,250 kilometers from people. This suggests that large marine predators are generally unable to thrive near to people and is another clear example of the impact of human overuse on our seas. '

To collect their data, the team analyzed videos taken at 1,041 sites across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, selected to test the biggest possible range of conditions and habitats. Sharks and other free-swimming predators were studied using cameras attached cannisters(炮筒)filled with bait. In total, the team recorded 23,200 animals representing 109 species. These included 841 individual sharks from 19 different species.

Dr. Letessier added, 'Our study also found that shallower water environment, of depths less than 500 meters, were vital for marine predator diversity. We therefore need to identify sites that are both shallow and remote and protect them. However, there are still numerous shallow hot spots near human markets that are not appropriately protected, and this must change. '

【1】According to the study, what happened to sharks and other marine predators?

A.They became less important for keeping healthy ocean ecosystems.

B.They only lived near cities with 10,000 people.

C.They loved swimming after fishing boats.

D.Their average body size and number decreased sharply.

【2】Which of the following statements may Dr. Tom Letessier agree with?

A.Large marine predators can grow well near people.

B.People shouldn't disturb the sea and sea animals.

C.Sharks’ distribution was mainly affected by human activity.

D.Other ecological factors have no impact on sharks’ distribution.

【3】What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?

A.Introduce a new topic for readers.

B.Introduce the study means used by the team.

C.Summarize the previous paragraphs.

D.Collect data about sharks and other predators.

【4】What can we infer about the perfect environment for marine predator diversity?

A.It should be deeper than 500 meters.

B.It should be spots that are hot enough.

C.It should be shallower and away from humans.

D.It should be spots changed from human markets.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】B

【4】C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。研究发现人类活动是造成鲨鱼和海洋其它捕食者身体大小和数量骤降的主要原因。为了海洋捕食者的多样性，我们应该找到远离人类的浅水地区，并且将它们保护起来。

【1】

细节理解题。根据第一段的The study, published today in the journal PLOS Biology shows that the average body size and number of sharks and other marine predators vital to maintaining healthy ocean ecosystems—fell significantly near cities with more than 10,000 people and associated fishing boats.(今天发表在PLOS Biology杂志的研究表明，在超过1万人的城市和有渔船的地方，鲨鱼和其它海洋猎食者的平均大小和数量都急剧下降了)可知，该研究表明鲨鱼和其它海洋猎食动物的大小和数量都急剧减少。D. Their average body size and number decreased sharply.(他们的平均大小和数量都急剧减少)符合以上说法，故选D项。

【2】

细节理解题。根据第三段的Lead author Dr. Tom Letessier said, 'Human activity is now the biggest influence on sharks' distribution. (该研究的主要作者汤姆.莱迪斯博士说：“人类活动目前对鲨鱼分布的影响最大……”)可知，Dr. Tom Letessier 认为鲨鱼的分布主要受人类活动的影响。C. Sharks’ distribution was mainly affected by human activity.(鲨鱼的分布主要受人类活动的影响)符合以上说法，故选C项。

【3】

主旨大意题。根据第四段的主要内容，尤其是To collect their data, the team analyzed videos taken at 1,041 sites across the Indian and Pacific Oceans,和 Sharks and other free-swimming predators were studied using cameras attached cannisters(炮筒)filled with bait. (为了收集数据，该研究小组分析了在横跨印度洋和太平洋的1041个地点拍摄的视频……鲨鱼和其它猎食者通过使用附加了充满诱饵的炮筒的相机进行研究。)可知，本段的主要目的是介绍该团队研究鲨鱼的方法。B. Introduce the study means used by the team.(介绍团队研究鲨鱼的方法)符合以上说法，故选B项。

【4】

推理判断题。根据最后一段的Dr. Letessier added, 'Our study also found that shallower water environment, of depths less than 500 meters, were vital for marine predator diversity. We therefore need to identify sites that are both shallow and remote and protect them. (Letessier博士补充说：“我们的研究还发现，深度不到500米的潜水环境对海洋捕食者的多样性来说是至关重要的。因此，我们需要找出那些既浅又偏远的地点，并加以保护”)可推测，远离人类的浅水环境对海洋猎食者多样性有好处。C. It should be shallower and away from humans.(它应该在远离人类的浅水区)符合以上说法，故选C项。