Question

5．When American soldiers return home from war with disabilities，they often suffer twice-first from their combat injuries，next from the humiliation （羞辱）of government dependency．
Wounded veterans （老兵）learn they have two basic choices：They can receive almost $3，000 a month in disability benefits along with medical care and access to other various welfare programs，or they can try to find a job．Especially in this economy，it's no wonder that many find that first option hard to turn down．
Mark Duggan，an economics professor at Stanford University，reports that enrollment in U．S．veterans'disability programs rose from 2.3 million in 2001 to 3.9 million in 2014．The percentage of veterans receiving benefits doubled，from 8.9% in 2001 to 18% in 2014．Disability services for veterans now consume $59 billion．
In the 1980s and 1990s，male veterans were more likely to be in the labor force than nonveterans．But since 2000，that has changed dramatically．Now there is a 4% gap between veteran and nonveteran labor participation，with veteran participation lower．
Navy SEAL Eric Greitens，founder of The Mission Continues，explains how soldiers who served their country are transformed into welfare receivers who live off their country．
"When veterans come home from war they are going through a tremendous change in identity，"he says．"Then the United States Department of Veterans Affairs，and others，encourage them to view themselves as disabled．"By the time they come to Greitens'non-profit organization，"We meet a number of veterans who see themselves as charity cases and are not sure anymore what they have to contribute．"
There are also more practical factors driving the disability boom．One is the expansion of qualification criteria．In 2000，for instance，type 2 diabetes was added as a disability because of evidence linking exposure to Agent Orange with the onset of the disease．Heart disease has also been added to the list．
Another possible factor is that younger veterans seem less against welfare than their parents'generation．Veterans who have served since the 1990s are much more likely to sign up for disability than their older counterparts； 1 in 4 younger veterans is on disability versus just 1 in 7 of those over age 54．
We shouldn't go back to the bad old days when veterans were afraid to admit weakness．But Lt．Col．Daniel Gade is one of many veterans who think our disability system is harmful，psychologically，to former soldiers．Gade lost his leg in combat in 2005 and now teaches at West Point．He recently gave a talk to disabled veterans at Ft．Carson，in which he urged them to rejoin the workforce．
"People who stay home because they are getting paid enough to get by on disability are worse off，"he warned．"They are more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol．They are more likely to live alone．"
What a waste of human potential，especially since most veterans on disability still have their prime working years ahead of them when they're discharged （遣退）．
We could solve this problem by changing the way we view-and label-veterans with disabilities．As Gade noted in a recent article，"Veterans should be viewed as resources，not as damaged goods．"He recommended that"efforts to help veterans should begin by recognizing their abilities rather than focusing only on their disabilities，and should serve the ultimate aim of moving wounded soldiers to real self-sufficiency．"
On a more practical note，the United States Department of Veterans Affairs could reallocate resources to spend more on job training and less on disability．Current placement programs are sadly inadequate．
We are good at sending soldiers off to war．Yet when these young men and women return home，they are essentially told，"We'll give you enough for a reasonably comfortable life，but we won't help you find a job．"
It is unreasonable that we are condemning thousands of young veterans who served their country to life on the dole （救济金） rather than enabling them to reenter the workforce with the necessary accommodations．

35．What do more and more disabled veterans appear to do nowadays？A
A．Depend on the government for a living．
B．Be treated badly in most workplaces．
C．Ask the government for more dole．
D．Spend more time on job hunting．
36．How does Mark Duggan prove his opinion in the passage？A
A．By listing figures．
B．By giving examples．
C．By performing experiments．
D．By analyzing cause and effect．
37．What did veterans use to do in the 1980s and 1990s？B
A．Refuse to find jobs．
B．Be a main labor resource．
C．Have much trouble finding jobs．
D．Receive many disability benefits．
38．One of the reasons why there are more disabled veterans is thatC．
A．damage from the war is greater than ever
B．veterans have suffered much more than ever
C．the scale of disabilities has been broadened
D．older veterans aren't afraid to admit their disability
39．In Gade's opinion，the veterans who receive welfare from the government tend toB．
A．save more trouble for the government
B．lead a miserable and unhappy life
C．increasingly depend on the government
D．suffer the humiliation of their combat injuries
40．What is the author's attitude toward current placement programs？D
A．Reasonable．B．Positive．C．Neutral．D．Critical．

Answer 1

分析 本文主要介绍了越来越多的美国伤残退伍军人选择依靠政府生活这一现象，并分析了产生这种现象的原因．

解答 35．A 推理判断题．从第二段，They can receive almost $3，000 a month in disability benefits along with medical care and access to other various welfare programs，or they can try to find a job．Especially in this economy，it's no wonder that many find that first option hard to turn down对于伤残军人摆在他们面前的有两条路：一是每月可以得到3000美元的伤残津贴，还有医疗和其他福利项目，或者他们可以设法找到工作，尤其是在这个经济时代，毫无疑问许多人认为第一个选择很难拒绝．可知，越来越多的伤残退伍军人选择依靠政府生活．所以答案 选A．
36．A 推理判断题．从第三段中列出的众多数字veterans'disability programs rose from 2.3 million in 2001 to 3.9 million in 2014；from 8.9% in 2001 to 18% in 2014．；Disability services for veterans now consume $59 billion．；通过这些列举的数字可以推断出是用列举数字的方式来证明自己的观点的，所以答案选A．
37．B 细节理解题．根据第四段第一句"In the 1980s and 1990s，male veterans were more likely to be in the labor force than nonveterans"在20世纪80年代和90年代，男性退伍军人比非退伍军人更有可能参加劳动力．可知答案为B．
38．C 细节理解题．从第七段"There are also more practical factors driving the disability boom…Heart disease has also been added to the list"可知，伤残认定标准比以往更为宽泛是原因之一．所以答案选C．
39．B 推理判断题．从第十段中的"People who stay home because they are getting paid enough to get by on disability are worse off""They are more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol．They are more likely to live alone"那些呆在家里的人，因为他们得到了足够的钱依靠残疾，所以更糟糕的是"他们更容易滥用毒品和酒精，他们更可能独自生活．"可以推断出他们生活的不幸福，所以答案选B．
40．D 观点态度题．最后三段，尤其是倒数第三段最后一句"Current placement programs are sadly inadequate"和最后一段中的"It is unreasonable that…"可以看出作者对现行的政策是持批评的态度的．所以答案选D．

点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．