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Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what       B which        C. that     D where
C

试题分析:考查同位语从句。本题中的同位语从句that smoking can lead to many diseases解释名词evidence的内容,that在句中不充当任何成分,没有任何实际意义,也不能省略。句意:现代科技已经给出了很多的吸烟可以导致疾病的证据。ABD三项都要在句中充当句中成分。故C正确。
点评:正确判断句子结构是解题的关键。同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, hope, belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。同位语从句与that引导的定语从句:(1)从先行词看,同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的同位关系。该名词是需要作特殊说明的抽象名词。例如:They were delighted at the news that their team had won. The news was that their team had won. (2)从引导词来看,引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分——主语或宾语,有具体词义,作宾语时还可以省略。(3)同位语从句的简易判断方法,同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的同位关系。所以,可以在名词和从句之间加系动词be,使之构成一个新句子,如果合乎逻辑,句子通顺,则原句为同位语从句;定语从句是不能够用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。
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