15．Dieting is often doomed to failure．The problem is，we don't follow the rules we learn．No carbs after 6pm？No problem-until we're out for dinner，on our second glass of wine and reaching for the bread basket．Everyone has a flash point that makes it hard to say no，but ultimately，resisting temptation is the key to successful weight loss．
Now research from leading psychologists has identified the parts of the brain involved in resisting temptation，and how we can use them to stop reaching for chocolate cake．Leading the charge is Professor Walter Mischel，the psychologist who developed the ‘marshmallow test'，which demonstrated that if children were able to delay gratification（满足感），they would be more successful in later life．Mischel's research has shown that to resist temptation，we have to shift activity away from the‘hot'parts of our brain to the‘cool'parts．The mind brain has two systems：one is cool，slow and deliberate，and allows for self-control，goal-setting and willpower-the‘no'system，if you like．The other is hot，emotional and instinctual，and present from birth-the‘go'system．
So when you see a chocolate cake，the‘hot'part of your brain reacts to thoughts of the delicious taste，and the sugar rush that you have learnt a slice will give you．Instead of giving in，what you need to do is to activate the‘cool'part of your brain by thinking about your goals and practicing far-sightedness．Imagine the sense of satisfaction you'd get，from fitting into your favorite dress in a couple of weeks'time，say，or from losing your unsightly tummy bulge before you go sunbathing this summer．It's a simple strategy，but experiments have shown it is highly effective．
Perception is also important．Feasting your eyes on desirable food activates the hot system in the brain，which explains what we know instinctively：putting biscuits out of sight in a cupboard will mean you eat fewer of them．"The problem with diets is they are also full of pictures of delicious diet food； and all of this is just activating the hot system，"Mischel says．
Stress is another key issue．It has been shown to switch on the hot part of the brain and cause us to overeat．The first thing to do is to be aware of how stress changes your behavior．Then develop an action plan to deal with it．This might involve taking healthy snacks to work or finding ways to cope better with your time and emotions．
Brain scans have also shown that memory plays a significant role in overeating．If you habitually eat chocolate，for instance，then every time you see it，you remember the high．So the research is clear：if you want to be slim，fit and healthy，it's time to take control of your mind．
74．By saying‘Dieting is often doomed to failure'，the author declaresD．
A．It's always hard to set up rules we follow in dieting
B．We shouldn't have a flash point to keep a diet．
C．Losing weight is particularly hard to those who drink wine at dinner
D．People tend to give in when tempted with tasty food
75．Which of the following is TRUE about the‘marshmallow test'？B
A．It is developed by psychologists to help treat patients with mental diseases．
B．One of its major findings is the different functions of‘hot'and‘cold'parts with brain．
C．It urges that children should learn to delay gratification for later success．
D．The‘hot'part of our brain always wins over the‘cold'part in establishing our actions．
76．By using the example of‘chocolate cake'，the author aims toD．
A．prove fitting into your favorite dress can help you gain confidence．
B．suggest dieting people should put such food out of sight
C．convince us that chocolate is fattening but it can help release stress
D．explain how the two systems of our brain actually work
77．Accord to the passage，food advertisements are highly attempting for theyC．
A．can help release viewers'stress
B．enjoy great trust from the consumers
C．will easily motivate the‘hot'system
D．keep track of the memory bank．
分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了人脑中有冷热两个系统，因为"热"系统使人们的节食是注定失败的，作者通过这篇文章告诉我们如何抵抗食物的诱惑，而能抵抗诱惑是减肥的关键．
解答 74．D 细节理解题，根据第一段No problem-until we're out for dinner，on our second glass of wine and reaching for the bread basket．Everyone has a flash point that makes it hard to say no，but ultimately，resisting temptation is the key to successful weight loss．可知人们无法抵挡美食的诱惑，因此作者说节食往往是注定要失败的，故选D．
75．B 推理判断题，根据第二段we have to shift activity away from the‘hot'parts of our brain to the‘cool'parts．The mind brain has two systems：one is cool，slow and deliberate，and allows for self-control，goal-setting and willpower the‘no'system，if you like．The other is hot，emotional and instinctual，and present from birth-the‘go'system．可知人脑中有"热"和"冷"两个部分，他们掌管着大脑中的不同功能，故选B．
76．D 细节理解题，根据第三段So when you see a chocolate cake，the‘hot'part of your brain reacts to thoughts of the delicious taste，and the sugar rush that you have learnt a slice will give you．Instead of giving in，what you need to do is to activate the‘cool'part of your brain by thinking about your goals and practicing far-sightedness．可知作者通过以"巧克力蛋糕"为例，说明了我们大脑的两个系统实际上是如何工作的，故选D．
77．C 细节理解题，根据第四段The problem with diets is they are also full of pictures of delicious diet food； and all of this is just activating the hot system，"Mischel says．可知食品广告会激活人们脑中的"热"系统，故选C．
点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
