Question

【题目】请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

For decades, sociologists have been trying to understand why certain people rise to the top of their fields. A number of theories have emerged, so if you're struggling on the path of success, perhaps these will give you some new clues.

IQ is Overrated

A high IQ is necessary, but it is not adequate to predict executive competence and corporate success. While people with high test scores do have more opportunities, that doesn't mean that smart people are more successful. In fact, in many fields the link between success and intelligence is often weak or non-existent. Nobel Prize winning Israeli-American psychologist, Daniel Kahneman, found that people would rather do business with a person they like and trust rather than someone they don’t, even if the likeable person is offering a lower quality product or service at a higher price.

The 10,000 Hours Theory

A Professor at the University of Colorado named Anders Ericsson decided to look at the differences between amateurs and professionals. In 1993, he released a paper that found on average amateurs only got about 4000 hours of practice, but professionals had practiced for at least 10,000 hours. While there's some debate over whether 10,000 hours is a rule or just a theory, many experts agree that a significant number of people who are considered "great" have, on average, 10,000 hours of experience.

Deliberate Practice

If no one is born talented and you need 10,000 hours of practice, what's the most effective way of using those hours? One theory is something sociologists call "deliberate practice." Essentially, there are six elements. The practice needs to be meant to specifically improve performance, and is even more effective if there's coaching. It needs to be repeatable, and feedback regularly is crucial. It also has to be demanding, either physically or mentally. If you're doing all of this correctly, it shouldn't be a fun experience. An example would be a basketball player who isn't very good at free throws spending hours and hours just doing free throws while being coached. Not a great time no matter how big of a basketball fan you are.

No One Succeeds on Their Own

While it would be nice to succeed simply because we work hard, life doesn't work that way. We need help and support from friends, family and teachers, and then we need chances from employers and other key figures in the fields we choose to pursue. In order to succeed, the gifts and interests of a person need to be encouraged, especially at a young age. Then as they grow up, people need to be given opportunities, breaks and second chances. Without help from other people, it makes it impossible to succeed because as Gladwell points out, "… no one—not rock stars, not professional athletes, not software billionaires, and not even geniuses — ever makes it alone."

You Have Amazing Potential

On average, the human mind can remember a sequence of seven to nine numbers. After that it becomes incredibly hard to remember all the numbers in the right order. Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University wanted to know if someone of average intelligence could break that barrier with practice. Through a lot of tests, researchers discovered what they called "the remarkable potential of 'ordinary' adults and their amazing capacity for change with practice." Their research showed that even "ordinary" people have the potential to be great by challenging themselves. If you work hard, your goals can be more attainable than you thought.

Passage outline	Supporting details
Introduction	Sociologists have been wondering what makes some people successful for years and the following will give you some 【1】into it.
Some 【2】	IQ is Overrated	◆By itself, a high IQ doesn’t 【3】 mean that you will stand out and rise above others. ◆People show 【4】 for more trustworthy business partners rather than those with only higher IQ.
	The 10,000 Hours Theory	◆What 【5】amateurs from professionals is that amateurs only get about 4000 hours of practice while professionals get for at least 10,000 hours.
	Deliberate Practice	◆Deliberate Practice needs to be 【6】at improving performance specifically and will be more effective with coaching. ◆Deliberate Practice needs to be repeatable and feedback on a regular 【7】is crucial. ◆Whatever 【8】you have for something, it’s no easy task to do deliberate Practice since it is demanding.
	No One Succeeds on Their Own	◆【9】to the common belief, you can’t live without other people’s help.
	You Have Amazing Potential	◆Through much practice and by challenging youselves, you can break the barrier and 【10】your goals.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】insights

【2】theories

【3】necessarily

【4】preference/favor

【5】separates

【6】aimed

【7】basis

【8】affection

【9】Contrary

【10】attain/reach

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章就为什么一些人能自己所在的领域达到顶峰给出了五种可能。

【1】信息捕捉题。根据第一段的内容A number of theories have emerged, so if you're struggling on the path of success, perhaps these will give you some new clues.可知，许多理论已经出现，所以如果你在成功的道路上挣扎，也许这些会给你一些新的思路，故这里可以用new clues或词义接近的词insights。故这里用insights。

【2】信息捕捉题。根据第一段的内容A number of theories have emerged, so if you're struggling on the path of success, perhaps these will give you some new clues.可知大量理论出现，所以如果你在成功的路上努力，也许这些会给你些新思路。故这里用名词theories。

【3】信息捕捉，词性转换题。根据第二段的A high IQ is necessary, but it is not adequate to predict executive competence and corporate success.可知高智商是必要的，但用它预测执行能力和公司的成功并不足够。所以，这里可以把句子转换为“高智商不一定意味着你出众或高人一等。”故这里填necessarily。

【4】信息捕捉题。根据第二段的Daniel Kahneman, found that people would rather do business with a person they like and trust rather than someone they don’t, even if the likeable person is offering a lower quality product or service at a higher price.可知Daniel Kahneman发现人们更愿意跟他们喜欢和信任的人做生意，即使喜欢的人提供的产品质量差一些或者服务的价格高一些。这里可以把句子换为“人们对更值得信赖的商业伙伴而不是高智商的人展现出偏爱\喜爱”。故这里用preference/favor。

【5】信息捕捉题。根据第三段的A Professor at the University of Colorado named Anders Ericsson decided to look at the differences between amateurs and professionals. In 1993, he released a paper that found on average amateurs only got about 4000 hours of practice, but professionals had practiced for at least 10,000 hours.可知，Colorado大学的教授Anders Ericsson决定看看业余选手和专业选手的区别。1993年，他发表的一篇论文称他发现，平均起来，业余选手只有4000小时的训练，但是专业选手训练达到10,000小时。句中的he differences between amateurs and professionals可以用what separates amateurs from professionals。故这里用separates。

【6】信息捕捉题。根据第四段的The practice needs to be meant to specifically improve performance, and is even more effective if there's coaching.可知，训练被认为尤其能提高表现，如果有教练的话会更有效。句中的be meant to可以用be aimed at。故这里用aimed。

【7】信息捕捉题。根据第四段的It needs to be repeatable, and feedback regularly is crucial.可知它需要可重复性，定期的反馈是至关重要的。句中的regularly可以用on a regular basis。故这里用basis。

【8】信息捕捉题。根据第四段的Not a great time no matter how big of a basketball fan you are.可知，不管你有多喜欢篮球，Deliberate Practice都不是愉快的时光。句中的how big of a fan可以用whatever affection you have for。故这里用affection。

【9】信息捕捉题。根据第五段的We need help and support from friends, family and teachers, and then we need chances from employers and other key figures in the fields we choose to pursue.可知，我们需要帮助和支持，他们来自朋友、家人和老师，我们也需要雇主和其他我们选择追求的这个领域内的关键人物给的机会。这里可以把句子换为“与人们普遍认为的相反，你不能在没有别人帮助的情况下生活。” 故这里用Contrary。

【10】信息捕捉，词性转换题。根据第六段的If you work hard, your goals can be more attainable than you thought.可知，如果你努力工作，你的目标比你认为的更容易实现。可以把句子换为“通过多练和挑战自己，你可以突破障碍，实现目标。”故这里用attain/reach。