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    20．In the early part of the twentieth century，racism was widespread in the United States．Many African Americans were not given equal opportunities in education or employment．Marian Anderson （1897-1993）was an African American woman who gained fame as a concert singer in this climate of racism．She was born in Philadelphia and sang in church choirs during her childhood．When she applied for admission to a local music school in 1917，she was turned down because she was black．Unable to attend music school，she began her career as a singer for church gatherings．In 1929，she went to Europe to study voice and spent several years performing there．Her voice was widely praised throughout Europe．Then she returned to the US in 1935and became a top concert singer after performing at Town Hall in New York City．
    Racism again affected Anderson in 1939．When it was arranged for her to sing at Constitution Hall in Washington，DC，the Daughters of the American Revolution opposed it because of her color．She sang instead at the Lincoln Memorial for over 75 000people．In 1955，Anderson became the first black soloist to sing win the Metropolitan Opera of New York City．The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as"heard only once in a hundred years"．She was a US delegate to the United Nations in 1958and won the UN peace prize in 1977．Anderson eventually triumphed over racism．
    54．According to this passage，what did Marian Anderson do between 1917and 1929？D
    A．She studied at a music school
    B．She studied voice in Europe．
    C．She sang at Town Hall in New York
    D．She sang for religious activities．
    55．Toscanini thought that Marian AndersonD．
    A．was seldom heard by people
    B．sang occasionally in public
    C．sang only once in many years
    D．had a very rare voice
    56．Anderson's beautiful voice was first recognizedA．
    A．in Europe            
    B．in Washington，DC．
    C．at the Lincoln Memorial
    D．at the United Nations
    57．This passage shows that Anderson finally defeated racism in the US byC．
    A．protesting to the government
    B．appealing to the United Nations
    C．working hard to perfect her art    
    D．demonstrating in the streets．

    分析 本文介绍了美国黑人歌唱家玛丽安•安德生如何凭着自身实力和勤奋战胜了种族歧视，获得了事业上的成功．

    解答 54-57  DDAC
    54．D 考查细节理解．根据第一段"Unable to attend music School she began her career as asinger for church gatherings．"可知在 1917 年到 1929 年之间 Anderson 为宗教活动唱歌．选B
    55．D 考查推理判断．由第二段"The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as heardonly once in a hundred years．"可知Toscanini说她的嗓音是百年难得一见的，所以是稀少的，故选D
    56．A 考查细节理解．由第一段倒数第二、三句"…she went to Europe to study voice andspent several years performing there．Her voice was widely praised throughout Europe．"可知她的美妙的声音一开始是在欧洲被认可．选A
    57．C 考查主旨要义．由文章主旨可知，Anderson 凭着认真工作以使得她的艺术完美，借此击败种族歧视．选C

    点评 本题主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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    B．they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in
    C．they believed disease could be spread in public baths
    D．they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease
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    B．By making comparisons．
    C．By following the order of time．
    D．By following the order of importance．
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    B．To introduce the history of dirt．
    C．To call attention to the danger of dirt．
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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    12．For a while，my neighborhood was taken ever by an army of joggers（慢跑的人）．They were there all the time：early morning，noon，and evening．There were little old ladies in gray sweats，young couples in Adidas shoes，middle-aged men with red faces．"Come on!"My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening．"You'll feel great．"
    Well，I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day，anyone could．So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life，and not a day more．Based on my experience，jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around，and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army．I'm not alone in my opinion．
    First of all，jogging is very hard on the body．Your legs and feet a real pounding（沉重的脚步） ruining down a road for two or three miles．I developed foot，leg，and back problems．Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging，and I had something else to worry about．Jogging doesn't kill hundreds of people，but if you have any physical weaknesses，jogging will surely bring them out，as they did with me．
    Secondly，I got no enjoyment out of jogging．Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes isn't my idea of fun．Jogging is also a lonely pastime．Some joggers say，"I love being out there with just my thoughts"Well，my thoughts began to bore me，and most of them were on how much my legs hurt．
    And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain？And that wasn't just the first week-it was practically every day for two months．I never got past the pain level，and pain isn't fun．What a cruel way to do it!So many other exercises，including walking，lead to almost the same results painlessly，so why jog？
    I don't jog any more，and I don't think I ever will．I'm walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace，and that feels good．I bicycle to work when the weather is good．I'm getting exercise，and I'm enjoying it at the same time．I could never say the same for jogging，and I've found a lot of better ways to stay in shape．

    56． From the first paragraph，we learn that in the writer's neighborhoodA．
    A． jogging became very popular 
    B． people jogged only during the daytime
    C． Alex organized an army of joggers 
    D． jogging provided a chance to get together
    57． The underlined word"them"（Paragraph 3）most probably refers toD．
    A． heart attacks  B． back problems  C． hundreds of people  D． physical weaknesses
    58． From the writer's experience，we can conclude thatC．
    A． jogging can help people keep fit
    B． many physical problems result from jogging
    C． not everyone enjoys jogging
    D． jogging makes people feel greater．

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    9．Many of us enjoy doing it：you turn on the camera on your mobile phone and hold it at a high angle，making your eyes look bigger and your cheekbones more defined．You turn to your best side and click．There it is-your selfie．
    Over the past year，"selfie"has become a well-known term across the globe．This August the Oxford dictionary added the word to their online dictionary and defined it as："A photograph that one has taken of oneself，typically with a smartphone or webcam and up-loaded to a social media website．"
    Today it's not difficult to find social networking pages full of photos people have taken of themselves and their friends．And selfie culture has become especially relevant for young people．As many as 91 percent of teenagers have posted photos of themselves online，according to a recent survey by the US Pew Research Center．
    So what are the reasons for the rise of selfie culture？
    "The cult （狂热） of the selfie celebrates regular people，"Pamela Rutledge，a professor at the Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology，told Vogue magazine．"There are many more photographs available now of real people than models．"
    Posting selfies also allows you to control your image online．"I like having the power to choose how I look，even if I'm making a funny face，"Samantha Barks，19，a high school student in the US，told Vogue．
    In addition to self-expression and documentation，selfies"allow of a close friendship for long-distance friends，because you can see each other's faces every day"，wrote Casey Miller at The Huffmgton Post．
    But US psychologist Jill Weber is concerned that selfies might lead to social problems，"There's a danger that your self-esteem may start to be tied to the comments and‘likes'you get when you post a selfie，and they aren't based on who you are-they're based on what you look like，"Weber told Vogue．"When you get nothing or a negative response，your confidence canplummet．"
    63．With the first paragraph，the author intends toB．
    A．tell us the fun of taking a selfie
    B．describe what a selfie is
    C．introduce where the selfie came from
    D．inform readers that the selfie is popular among teenagers
    64．Why is selfie culture so popular according to the article？A
    a．It enables people to choose how they look．
    b．It helps people improve their self-esteem．
    c．It's a chance for ordinary people to show off themselves．
    d．It is believed to be a helpful way to develop a new friendship．
    e．It is considered a good way to stay connected with friends that are far away．
    A．a，c，e          B．b，c，d     C．a，b，c          D．b，d，e
    65．What is Jill Weber's attitude toward selfies？C
    A．She thinks they are a good form of self-expression and documentation．
    B．She believes the disadvantages of selfies outweigh the advantages．
    C．She is worried that people's self-esteem might be affected by how others react to their selfies．
    D．She thinks that selfies can help people learn about their friends based on who they really are．
    66．The underlined word"plummet"in the last paragraph probably meansD．
    A．rapidly develop                
    B．greatly exaggerate    
    C．become dangerous                
    D．quickly fall．

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    10．We often see wind-horse flags in Tibetan areas．They are long cloths on which pictures of horses and scriptures（经文）are printed．People often put these flags on top of houses，or leave them where a vehicle accident happened．They prevent evil spirits from injuring people again．
        A wind-horse flag can be white，yellow，red，green or blue．These five colors symbolize the five elements that form the world； earth，water，fire，wind and sky．Another explanations that red is the sun，green is the grassland，yellow is the earth，blue is the sky，and white is the cloud．
        The wind-horse flag originated with a monk who obtained a scripture from India．When he crossed a river，he carelessly dropped the scripture into the water．He quickly saved the scripture and spread it out on a big rock to dry as he sat in meditation（默想）．Suddenly violent thunder sounded like drums．The monk felt liberated（解放的）from all of his sadness，and when he opened his eyes he saw that the scripture had been blown into the sky by a strong wind．Finally，he went straight to heaven．
    In order to honor the spirit of the monk and the Buddhist scripture，people printed the scripture on a piece of cloth and hung it up between the sky and the earth as though the scripture was flying in the sky．
        We also know why people put the wind-horse flag on the top of mountains and houses．The Tibetan ancestors had a very great idea about chanting scripture．They thought people not only could chant scripture，but also the five elements．The wind-home flag is a good example of how they use the wind to blow the flag，which means that the wind also chants scripture．
    60．The second paragraph is mainly about the wind-horse flag'sA．
    A．colors         B．styles            C．materials         D．functions
    61．What happened when the monk meditated？B
    A．He felt very sad about his mistake．
    B．The scripture was blown into the sky．
    C．He was punished by the gods．
    D．Many wind-house flags were flying．
    62．According to the passage，the origin of the wind-horse flag is based onC．
    A．a historical event                  
    B．an ancient custom
    C．a religious tale                    
    D．a vehicle accident
    63．Why do people put wind-horse flags on the top of mountains and houses？D
    A．The wind-house flags are safer there．
    B．The wind-house flags can be nearer to the sky．
    C．People can see the wind-house flags more clearly．
    D．People believe the wind can also chant scripture．

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