We know that hugs make us feel cosy inside. And this feeling could actually ward off stress and protect the immune (免疫) system, according to a new research from Carnegie Mellon University.
It’s a well-known fact that stress can weaken the immune system. In this study, the researchers sought to determine whether hugs could protect individuals from the increased sensitivity to illness brought on by the particular stress that comes with interpersonal conflict.
“We know that people experiencing ongoing conflicts with others are less able to fight off cold viruses. We also know that people who report having social support are partly protected from the effects of stress on psychological states, such as depression and anxiety, ” the study’s lead author, psychologist Dr. Sheldon Cohen , said in a statement. “We have tested whether awareness of social support is equally effective in protecting us from sensitivity to infection caused by stress and also whether receiving hugs might partially account for those feelings of support and thus protect a person against infection.”
In the experiment, over 400 healthy adults filled out a questionnaire about their perceived (感知到的) social support and also participated in a nightly phone interview for two weeks. They were asked about the frequency that they engaged in interpersonal conflict and received hugs that day.
Then, the researchers exposed the participants to a common cold virus, and monitored them to assess signs of infection. They found that both perceived social support and more frequent hugs reduced the risk of infection associated with experiencing interpersonal conflict. Regardless of whether or not they experienced social conflicts, infected participants with greater perceived social support and more frequent hugs had less severe illness symptoms.
“This suggests that being hugged by a trusted person may act as an effective means of conveying support and that increasing the frequency of hugs might be an effective means of reducing the effects of stress,” Cohen said. “The apparent protective effect of hugs may result from the physical contact itself or hugging being a behavioral indicator of support and closeness. Either way, those who receive more hugs are somewhat more protected from infection.”
If you need any more reason to wrap your arms around someone special, consider this: hugs also lower blood pressure, reduce fears, improve heart health and decrease feelings of loneliness.
1.Which of the following can replace the underlined words “ward off” in Paragraph 1?
A. produce B. increase C. prevent D. support
2.What does Dr. Sheldon Cohen’s experiment show?
A. Hugs can hide serious illness symptoms
B. Social conflicts can monitor sign s of infection
C. Social support can reduce the risk of having a cold
D. Depression and anxiety result from less social support
3.What does the passage aim to convey?
A. Hugs can have protective effects
B. Social support can cure diseases
C. Interpersonal conflicts cause infections
D. Stress can weaken our immune system
4.Where is the passage most likely to be found?
A. A social science magazine
B. A commercial brochure
C. A medical report
D. An academic essay
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期末集结号系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2017届安徽“皖南八校”高三第二次联考（12月）英语卷（解析版） 题型：短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（
），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When Molly's father was about to work, his daughter Molly, aged 8, hand him a bag. The father was in hurry so he didn't know what was inside. While having lunch, he took out the contents: a plastic dinosaur, a tiny sea shell and three small stone. The busy father smiled, finished eating, and sweeping the desk clean into the dustbin include Molly's junk. This evening, Molly wanted her bag back because she had not made a note into it: I love you, Daddy. The father went to his office hurried, carrying the junk home. He asked Molly to tell her about the junk. It was turned out that everything in the bag had a story. To Molly they were not junk and treasures!
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年内蒙古高一下第一次月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
A friend asks you to be a volunteer. Your husband asks you to glance over an e-mail he is writing to his boss. You say you’d love to. Really! But..."I don’t have time".
It seems plausible(有道理的). We’re all busy these days, right? But there are reasons not to use these four words, at least with yourself.
Here’s the big one: it is not true. You tell yourself "I don’t have time" to exercise, but we all have 168 hours a week. If someone offered to pay you $100,000 a week to go to the gym for 5 of those 168 hours, you would probably find the time to do it. Since that isn’t going to happen, this is a more exact description: "It’s not a priority(优先考虑的事)."
There are a million things we could be doing with our time; some are priorities and some are not, even if it’s wrong to say so. Try it. "I’m not going to read to you tonight, sweetie, because it’s not a priority. Daddy’s present priority is to check my e-mails."
Using the words "I don’t have time" keeps us from admitting to the fact that how we spend our time is a choice. It puts the responsibility for our lives on someone else: a boss, a client or a family member.
Better to be truthful: "I have another volunteer job on which I am focusing my energy right now. It is the cause that is most important to me." Or, to your husband "I wish you had mentioned this earlier. Right now, my priority is to get our children dressed and out of the door for school. I will be available around lunch time if you would like to talk".
1.What does the word "it" in the third paragraph refer to?
A. Saying "I don’t have time".
B. Saying "We are all busy today".
C. Checking your husband’s e-mail.
D. Telling your friend you won’t be a volunteer.
2.From the third paragraph we can learn that ________.
A. it is enough to exercise for five hours a week
B. we are too busy to exercise these days
C. we can earn $100,000 a week by exercising
D. we don’t often regard exercise as a priority
3.What is the text mainly about?
A. How to be responsible for our lives.
B. How to get time to do exercise.
C. How to say no to others without saying "I don’t have time".
D. How we should spend our time reasonably these days.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届河南南阳高三上期中质量评估英语试卷（解析版） 题型：七选五
Why do many people take vacations frequently? We need to take time out from work to relax, and just be ourselves. 1. We should all be allowed to leave our jobs behind us—at least for a few weeks each year—and just have fun. This might be something as simple as reading a good book in front of a warm fireplace through to traveling to the most interesting places on our planet. Whatever we fancy doing is worth taking time out for.
As we know, workplace stress is on the rise. 2. These include disease, depression and even death. We all seem to be running from one place to the next, never finding out where we want to go in the first place. I intend to break that trend in the coming days. 3. I will sleep late, write, watch movies, drink the occasional glass of wine, and eat to my heart's content, ignoring calorie counting. My plan is to just enjoy the fleeting(飞逝的) moments of being alive. 4. Spend your next vacation the way you want; Do what will restore your mental health. You're very valuable to the people who are close to you, and to those who depend on it. Like it or not, we are all interdependent（互相依存的）in this great life of ours. There's no doubt that you are valuable. Just remember that the next time you look at a mirror and take a deep breath. Remind yourself that there will never be anyone like you ever on this earth again. 5. 1you have to do is just ask yourself what you want to do.
A. Draw up a detailed plan so that you can see more.
B. With it come many health problems.
C. When you finally get home you'll be greatly refreshed.
D. Life is not all about work, or at least it shouldn't be.
E. And only you know how to take a vacation in your way.
F. I challenge each one of you to do the same.
G. For my next holiday, I will do all the things that I love doing.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届河北正定中学高三上期中英语试卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
My husband and I were paying a visit 1. my parents in Tucson. We went to a fast-food restaurant for dinner together. My husband went to the counter 2. (order )dishes and I stood with my parents.
My dad is 90 3. (year) old. He can hardly see very well and walks with a stick. I was scanning the restaurant, 4. (wait) to sit at the first table that was more convenient than others. A woman who was 5. (sit) with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to her. With a puzzled look on my face, I pointed to ___6. (me) and said , “Me ?” She nodded and said , “ Yes, you.” I walked to the table and she said , “ Bring your family here. I can finish eating at the counter. My son is in 7. hurry to leave anyway.” My eyes 8. (fill)with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad to the seat.
I always believe that there are 9. (nature) kind people in this world. This woman has set a good example to her son, 10. is a really lucky guy.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届广东肇庆高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
完形填空
I remember quite well a day 17 years ago. That day, our twin sons, Chad and Brad, ___ their car and left home to attend college. I realized that our __ would soon become a “table for two”. ____, the boys would come home on the weekends, but ___, I knew our family life would never be exactly the same again.
The boys walked around each room to ____ they hadn’t forgotten anything they needed. I packed a cooler with ____ and their favorite cold snacks. I found a box and filled it with essential ____ items. I thought they might go to bed hungry that night. I ____ my wallet and placed the little bit of ___ I had in their hands.
We all walked ___. Chad and Brad gave me big ____ and quickly got into their car. I ____ as they drove away. When their car was ____, I sat down on the driveway and cried ____ than I had cried in a long time. My husband Roy tried to ____ me, but I could see grief in his eyes, as well.
There are many parents who would ___ this period. Bittersweet feelings will be ____ while I cannot explain them adequately. I can still remember ____ I felt when we began that new chapter in our lives.
___ time going by, however, Roy and I are now accustomed to our table for two and we enjoy our lives together. I have to admit I still miss our children and the old ___ we had together.
1.A. repairedB. washedC. loadedD. decorated
2.A. roomB. gardenC. chairD. table
3.A. SoB. YetC. SureD. Therefore
4.A. even thenB. even soC. ever sinceD. ever after
5.A. make sureB. look aroundC. think aboutD. sort out
6.A. waterB. drinksC. wineD. medicine
7.A. foodB. clothesC. bookD. supply
8.A. tidiedB. cleanedC. closedD. emptied
9.A. paperB. goodsC. cashD. check
10.A. outsideB. indoorsC. forwardD. backward
11.A. smilesB. staresC. kissesD. hugs
12.A. talkedB. wavedC. ranD. cried
13.A. travelingB. rushingC. out of orderD. out of sight
14.A. harderB. lighterC. more heavilyD. more firmly
15.A. delightB. persuadeC. comfortD. help
16.A. adventureB. experienceC. look forD. depend on
17.A. absentB. presentC. returningD. concealing
18.A. whatB. whenC. whyD. how
19.A. WithB. AsC. ForD. About
20.A. tablesB. housesC. timesD. lives
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届广东省揭阳高三上期末调研考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(
)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Sir,
Thank you for invite me to the summer English course in your school. As for your choice between the two courses, I prefer a four-week course because it will give me more time to do some traveling and make a few new friends. Of all the subject I’m learning at school, I like English best. I had learned English for 6 years but my spoken English remains poorly. So I hope to take this chance improve it. If possible, I’d like to stay with a family in a few days in order that I can learn about any customs in England, which I’m particularly interested in. I believe I will have a wonderful time in this summer.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届湖南株洲高三上期教学质量检测（一）英语卷（解析版） 题型：短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Last month, I rode bus to my office ten miles away. I carried only a few cash to last each week. One night, as I walk to the usual bus stop, I met a beggar whom had no legs. I stopped and opened my wallet, but I was discovered that I had no money at all. I apologized to him immediate. I became worried so I had no way to get home. At my surprise, the beggar pulled out many coin from his broken bowl. Embarrassed, I took enough for his bus fare, and he said, “Good luck!”
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届四川成都高三第一次诊断性检英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Wouldn't it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language?
In a recent Wall Street journal article, technology policy expert Alec Ross argued that, within a decade or so. We’ll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built-in microphones. That's because technological progress is extremely rapid. It’s only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents are so convinced that this technology is imminent that they're wondering if their kids should even learn a second language.
It's true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy of the data loaded into computers will make them cleverer at translating "No es bueno dormir mucho" as "It's not good to sleep too much. " Replacing a word with its equivalent (同义词) in the target language is actually the "easy part of a translator's job". But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers.
It’s so difficult for computers because translation doesn't-or shouldn’t-involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it’s about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time.
Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression: volume, gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use.
Therefore, we should be very skeptical of a machine that is unable to interpret the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better? Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and interpreting meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place.
1.What does the underlined word "imminent" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Ready.B. Approaching.C. Helpful.D. Advanced.
2.Why is it hard for computers to replace a word with its equivalent?
A. Their data is not adequate enough.
B, The real meaning of words can vary.
C. Their accuracy needs big improvement.
D, A soul hasn't been breathed in them.
3.What view does the author hold about translation?
A. Proper translation can be tough for humans.
B. Slight distinctions matter little in translation.
C. Some machines will interpret our world properly.
D. Cultures deserve more attention than words used.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A. An Expert's Precise Prediction
B. The Complexity of Translation
C. Who Will Be a Better Translator
D. Will Language Barrier Actually Fall
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