Question

【题目】Imagine a house that keeps itself warm in the wintertime. Think of the savings in terms of fuel bills and unfriendly emissions. Such houses in fact exist, called “passive houses”. The concept of these highly energy-efficient buildings took root in the 1990s, before slowly consolidating as a niche construction (生态位构建) concept in the 2000s. Are passive houses now actively moving into the mainstream as sustainable buildings?

For Brian Mc Garry, an economics lecturer who built a family house based on passive housing criteria in the Pyrenees this year, the arguments look convincing. As his first full winter in the low energy house draws in, we asked him to keep us informed. Do passive houses work?

I had never heard of a passive house in February 2012, when I purchased a plot of land. Nor did I expect that I would be persuaded to build a pre-constructed, custom-designed house based on energy-efficient passive house criteria. It promised to be easier and quicker to build, cheaper to run, and more comfortable to live in. The objective was to incorporate the fundamental concepts of passive energy management into my project: an airtight and highly insulated building envelope; large south facing double or triple-glazed windows (if possible, filled with argon gas) that passively capture the energy of the sun; a heat recovery ventilation system to provide fresh air; and a simple, low-cost heating system consisting of a modern wood-burning stove, a bathroom heater and a portable radiator backup for when the sun doesn’t shine and temperatures decline. No significant limitations were placed on the design, and it had excellent environmental credentials. Moreover, the cost was no more than a conventional build.

After six months in use, the house is proving to be both cheap to run and remarkably comfortable–staying cool in the hot summer was effortless, as long as the windows were shuttered or shaded from the sun. Nowstaying warm in the cold, high-altitude December climate also seems easy, so far.

Winter arrived in force in the Pyrenees in November, with abundant snowfalls and temperatures as low as minus 8° Celsius. Though early days, the house has responded well: the stove is lit during cold evenings but the portable radiator has not yet been needed. This type of construction seems not only to make economic and environmental sense, but to enhance our quality of life, too.

【1】We can learn from Paragraph one that passive houses __________.

A. consume extra energy to keep warm in winter and cool in summer

B. had been introduced for a decade before the birth of the theory

C. appeal to both the self-builders and those constructors

D. refer to a certain house comfortable, costly and also pleasing

【2】Regarding the passive energy management, the houses have characteristics EXCEPT _______

A. using south-facing windows to take in solar energy

B. Providing energy for taking a shower when it’s rainy

C. supplying fresh air with a special heat recovery system

D. placing more demands and restrictions on the design

【3】How did Brian McGarry find his self-built passive house?

A. very unaffordable

B. Energy-consuming

C. comfortable to live in

D. Awkward to use

【4】What is the writer’s attitude towards the passive housing?

A. supportive B. critical

C. oppositive D. doubtful

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】D

【3】C

【4】A

【解析】

【1】由第一段第三句“the concept of these highly energy-efficient buildings took root in the 1990s, before slowly consolidating as a niche construction concept in the 2000s”可知，B为正确答案。A项与文章内容不吻合。第一段提到 “a house that keeps itself warm in the wintertime”这样的房子在夏天如何，第一段并未说明。 C项意为passive housing非常受自建房者和建筑人员欢迎，这显然与文章不一致。由第一段最后一句提问可知，能否成为主流值得怀疑。由“Think of the savings in terms of fuel bills and unfriendly emissions”可知D错误，costly 花费高的，而事实上这是节俭的、宜人的、环保的。故选B。

【2】由第三段倒数第二句“No significant limitations were placed on the design”可知passive housing 对于设计并没有特别明显的限制 。A、B、C均为其主要特征，由第四段第三句均可找到相关依据。故选D。

【3】由倒数第二段第一句“After six months in use, the house is proving to be both cheap to run and remarkably comfortable–staying cool in the hot summer was effortless,”可知，自己的自建房是舒适、便宜、环保的，故选择C。A，B，D很明显与文章意思不一致。故选C。

【4】A. supportive支持的；B. critical批评的；C. oppositive反对的；D. doubtful怀疑的。通读全文，特别是第一段的关键词saving，warm和最后一段的关键词environment判断作者持支持态度。故选A。