Question

【题目】阅读短文，完成下列问题。
C
We discuss the issue of when to help a patient die. Doctors of our generation are not newcomers to this question. Going back to my internship（实习）days, I can remember many patients in pain, sometimes in coma(昏迷), with late, hopeless cancer. For many of them, we wrote an order for heavy medication—morphine(吗啡)by the clock. This was not talked about openly and little was written about it. It was essential, not controversial.
The best way to bring the problem into focus is to describe two patients whom I cared for. The first, formerly a nurse, had an automobile accident. A few days later her lungs seemed to fill up; her heart developed dangerous rhythm disturbances. So there she was: in coma, on a breathing machine, her heartbeat maintained with an electrical device. One day after rounds, my secretary said the husband and son of the patient wanted to see me. They told me their wife and mother was obviously going to die; she was a nurse and had told her family that she never wanted this kind of terrible death, being maintained by machines. I told them that while I respected their view, there was nothing deadly about her situation. The kidney(肾) failure she had was just the kind for which the artificial kidney was most effective. While possibly a bit reassured, they were disappointed. Here was the head surgeon seemingly determined to keep everybody alive, no matter what.
Within a few days the patient's pacemaker(起搏器) could be removed and she awoke from her coma. About six months later, the door of my office opened and in walked a gloriously fit woman. After some cheery words of appreciation, the father and son asked to speak to me alone. As soon as the door closed, both men became quite tearful. All that came out was, "We want you to know how wrong we were."
The second patient was an 85-year-old lady whose hair caught fire while she was smoking. She arrived with a deep burn; I knew it would surely be deadly. As a remarkable coincidence there was a meeting for discussion going on at the time in medical ethics(道德). The speaker asked me if I had any sort of ethical problem I could bring up for discussion. I described the case and asked the students their opinion. After the discussion, I made a remark that was, when looking back, a serious mistake. I said, "I'll take the word back to the nurses about her and we will talk about it some more before we decide." The instructor and the students were shocked: "You mean this is a real patient?" The teacher of ethics was not accustomed to being challenged by actuality. In any event, I went back and met with the nurses. A day or two later, when she was making no progress and was suffering terribly, we began to back off treatment. Soon she died quietly and not in pain. As a reasonable physician, you had better move ahead and do what you would want done for you. And don't discuss it with the world first. There is a lesson here for everybody. Assisting people to leave this life requires strong judgment and long experience to avoid its misuse.
（1）In the early days when a patient had got a deadly, hopeless illness, _____.
A.doctors used to ask the patient to go back home and wait for death
B.doctors would write all their treatment plan on the patient's medical record
C.doctors would talk about their treatment plan openly
D.usually doctors would inject more morphine into the patient to end his life
（2）In the second paragraph, why were they disappointed?
A.Their wife and mother was going to die.
B.They doctor didn't do as they asked to.
C.Their wife and mother had to receive a kidney transplant.
D.The doctor scolded them for their cruelty
（3）At the meeting, the author discussed with the students_____.
A.how to help patients end their lives
B.the importance of mercy killing
C.the relationship between mercy killing and ethics
D.the case about an old lady
（4）The author suggested that doctors_____ before they assist a patient in killing himself.
A.discuss it with the others first
B.make sure there is no other choice left
C.be required to do so first by the patient
D.give the patient enough morphine
（5）Which of the following can best describe the author?
A.Cruel.
B.Determined.
C.Experienced.
D.Considerate.

Answer 1

【答案】
（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）B
（5）C
【解析】本文通过以医生们为没有希望的患者实施“安乐死”引读者兴趣，通过对两个病例的描述，让读者深切体会到作者对于实施安乐死的态度，做出能做的一切，不能轻易放弃，也会有奇迹出现。
（1）D细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二句For many of them, we wrote an order for heavy medication—morphine(吗啡)by the clock.可知，医生对于那些昏迷的，癌症晚期，没有希望的病人通常都是写下医嘱，按钟点使用大剂量的吗啡。由此可知，D项正确。
（2）B推理判断题。根据文章第二段The kidney(肾) failure she had was just the kind for which the artificial kidney was most effective. While possibly a bit reassured, they were disappointed.我告知父子二人，病人的肾脏是可以通过人工肾代替的，他们有点放心，还有点失望，因为医生并没有同意实施安乐死，让他们的亲人还在遭受痛苦的折磨，故选B。
（3）D细节理解题。根据文章最后一段As a reasonable physician, you had better move ahead and do what you would want done for you.可知，作为一个合格的内科医生，你最好一直向前，你想让别人为你做什么，那就为病人做任何你能做的，因袭B正确。
（4）B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段As a reasonable physician, you had better move ahead and do what you would want done for you.可知，作为一个合格的内科医生，你最好一直向前，你想让别人为你做什么，那就为病人做任何能做的。因此B 正确。
（5）C 推理判断题。根据文章举出的两个病例，作者救活了原本被父子俩要求安乐死的病人和拼尽全力，挽救85岁病人可知作者很有经验，且由最后一段Assisting people to leave this life requires strong judgment and long experience to avoid its misuse做出的总结可知，帮助人们放弃生命需要很强的判断和长时间的经验来避免“安乐死”的错误使用。