Question

①During the First World War, some Americans indirectly benefited because of the war. With two million white men fighting in Europe and no new immigrants entering the country, many jobs in the United States became available to blacks and women for the first time.

②Both groups proved their ability to do any kind of job. Women became railway conductors, brick layers, and factory workers. Their presence in traditionally male workplace produced many problems. Men were annoyed by women’s higher productivity and willingness to work for lower pay. Working mothers were often criticized for leaving their families. But many women welcomed the responsibilities. “It was not until our men were called overseas,” said one woman bank executive, “that we make any real onslaught on the realm of finance, and became tellers, managers of departments, and junior and senior officers.”

③Women who did not take jobs helped in the war effort in other ways. They made uniforms, rolled bandages, and campaigned for the sale of Liberty Bonds to help finance the war.

④American manufacturers offered jobs to large numbers of black Americans for the first time as a result of the war. Most factories were located in the North. To take advantage of these new job opportunities, many black families moved from their homes in the South to the Northern cities such as Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Buffalo, Chicago, and Detroit.

⑤White Americans were of two minds about the role of black Americans in the war effort. On the one hand, black workers’ ability to learn new jobs quickly and do them well strengthened the home front, and the black men’s fighting ability helped the Allies win the war. However, many whites did not want to acknowledge that blacks were capable, effective workers. White soldiers returning from the war had no desire to compete for jobs with blacks on equal terms. At the same time, many blacks were not willing to a lesser role once the war had ended.

1.Why could American women and backs find jobs during World War I?

A. They were taken to serve the war.

B. They had their equal right at that time.

C. Workforce was in great need.

D. They had better productivities.

2.Which of the following is Untrue according to the above passage?

A. Blacks women were not allowed to fight in World War I.

B. All American women went to work during World War I.

C. Northern cities applied more blacks during World War I.

D. Women and blacks earned a lot during World War I.

3.Which of the following is the main idea of the whole passage?

A. Americans benefited a lot from World Ward I.

B. World War I had strong effect on America.

C. Some Americans benefited from World War I indirectly.

D. U.S.A. women and blacks contributed much in World War I.

4.Which of the following shows the right structures of the above passage?

A. ①→②③→④⑤ B. ①→①→③→④→⑤

C. ①→②③→④→⑤ D. ①②③→④→⑤

Answer 1

1.C

2.B

3.C

4.A

【解析】

试题分析：本文主要讲了在第一次世界大战期间，一些美国黑人和妇女，由于白人参加欧洲战争，同时没有移民进入，在战争期间获得了许多工作的机会。妇女成为铁路列车员、砌砖工、工厂工人等，同时妇女通过生产制服、卷棚带，为自由出售债券资助战争而竞选。由于战争，美国的生产者也给黑人提供了很多的工作，然而在战争结束白人回来之后，对黑人持接受和不认同两种不同的态度。

1. two million white men fighting in Europe and no new immigrants entering the country可知：在第一次世界大战期间，白人参加欧洲战争，没有新的移民进入，没有工人，所以工厂处于巨大的需求之中。故选C。

2. became railway conductors, brick layers, and factory workers.可知第一次世界大战期间，所以的妇女都去工作了。故选B。

3. the First World War, some Americans indirectly benefited because of the war.意思是：在第一次世界大战前期间，一些美国人由于战争而间接地获益。而后文主要讲述的是由于白人参加战争，同时没有外来移民进入，工厂给黑人和妇女提供了许多工作的机会，故而第一次世界大战使得黑人和妇女从中间接获益。故选C。

4.①自然段提出第一次世界大战给妇女和黑人提供许多工作机会，使得他们从战争中间接受益；第②自然段和第③自然段讲述了妇女进入工厂工作和带来的问题，以及妇女不仅在工厂工作，还帮助前线；第④自然段讲述了工厂给黑人提供了很多工作岗位，还有白人对于黑人的不同态度。故选A。

考点：考查说明文阅读。