Question

【题目】请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

Generally speaking,people often return to a set level of happiness despite life's ups and downs,For instance,people who win the lottery tend to return to roughly their original levels of happiness after the novelty of the win has worn off.The same-is true for those who are in major accidents and lose the use of their legs.The change in ability can be damaging at first,but people generally return to their pre-accident levels of happiness after the habituation period.This phenomenon is called hedonic adaptation,a concept studied by positive psychology researchers.

There are activities that are more or less affected by hedonic adaptation.Some of these activities are known as pleasures.They can lift your mood and leave you feeling wonderful,but their effects can be relatively a short time.What's more,we get used to them relatively quickly.If you have the same meal every day for a week,for example,you may find it to be less pleasurable by the end of the week. Gratifications(满足）are also such activities affected by hedonic adaptation.They can get us into a feeling of"flow”where we don't notice the passage of time,and where we're thoroughly engaged in what we're doing.Gratifications are activities that require more effort and thought,but the payoff is higher as well The more we engage,the more we enjoy!

Knowing that pleasures don't last long in their effects may make them seem less worth the effort than gratifications.There are reasons why they can be perfect for certain situations,however.First,they bring a quick lift in mood without a great deal of effort.This is actually quite valuable because there is significant research that shows that a lift in mood can lead to chain reaction of positive feelings.Second, gratifications do take more effort,so when you only have few minutes or a very limited amount of energy,pleasures are often the simpler and more accessible option.

Thankfully, we can do something to move away from the limiting effects of hedonic adaptation and engage in activities that can create a greater level of happiness in lie.For example,be sure to make time for hobbies!It doesn't really matter what the hobby is;as long as it's one you enjoy,you'll benefit from it,and these benefits will extend into the rest of your life.It's also a good idea to help other people. This can create greater meaning in your life, and thus create greater happiness.Enjoying your positive experiences is also a great way to maximize the positive in your life.So at the end of the day,a few days, a week,write about three things you enjoyed that day.Then,you'll be reliving these positive experience as you write about them,and can relive them again when you read.

Hedonic Adaptation
Concept of hedonic adaptation	Hedonic adaptation refers to people's general tendency to return to a set level of 【1】despite life's ups and downs.
Two kinds of activities influenced by hedonic adaptations	●Pleasures are activities whose positive effects are 【2】，and our adaptation to them is also gone fast. ●Gratifications are activities that take us more effort but can bring more 【3】results. In other words, compared with pleasures, they are more【4】to the effects of hedonic adaptation.
Advantages of pleasures over gratifications	●Pleasures not only can lift our moods quickly but also are relatively 【5】 ●Pleasures are a better-choice when we're too【6】or worn out.
Tips of 【7】 the effects of hedonic	●Take up hobbies that 【8】to you whatever they are. ●Do others a favor and it can make you live more 【9】 ●Enjoy your positive experiences by taking a regular【10】about adaptation them.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】happiness/joy/delight/pleasure

【2】tentative

【3】lasting

【4】resistant/immune

【5】easier

【6】busy/occupied /engaged

【7】reducing/easing/relieving/ lessening/softening

【8】appeal

【9】meaningfully

【10】journal

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个由积极心理学研究人员研究的概念：享乐适应现象。

【1】

考查名词。结合关键词Concept of hedonic adaptation可以定位到文章的第一段第一句Generally speaking, people often return to a set level of happiness despite life's ups and downs一般来说，人们经常回到一个设定的幸福水平，尽管生活的起起伏伏，结合文章原句，此处填happiness。同时可以考虑其近义词joy/delight/pleasure，故填happiness/joy/delight/pleasure.

【2】

考查名词。结合关键词Two kinds of activities influenced by hedonic adaptations定位到文章第二段第一句There are activities that are more or less affected by hedonic adaptation. 有些活动或多或少受到享乐适应的影响。结合第二、三句Some of these activities are known as pleasures. They can lift your mood and leave you feeling wonderful, but their effects can be relatively a short time. 其中一些活动被称为愉悦，它们可以提升你的情绪，让你感觉很棒，但它们的效果可能相对较短。由此可知，这些被称为愉悦的活动受到享乐适应的影响是短暂的，暂时的。据此可以填出单词tentative短暂的，暂时的。故填tentative。

【3】

考查形容词。根据第二段第六、七、八句Gratifications(满足）are also such activities affected by hedonic adaptation. They can get us into a feeling of"flow”where we don't notice the passage of time, and where we're thoroughly engaged in what we're doing. Gratifications are activities that require more effort and thought, but the payoff is higher as well The more we engage, the more we enjoy!满足也是受享乐适应影响的活动，它们能让我们进入一种“心流”的感觉，在这种感觉中，我们没有注意到时间的流逝，我们完全沉浸在我们正在做的事情中。满足是需要更多努力和思考的活动，但回报也更高，我们参与的越多，我们就越享受！由此可以得出，满足受到享乐适应的影响，同时需要更多的努力和思考的活动，但回报也更高，我们就会完全沉浸在我们正在做的事情中。这种满足感是“心流”的感觉，是可以持续很久的。故填lasting。

【4】

考查形容词。结合第二段的解释，可知，满足感虽然受到享乐适应的影响，但带来的满足感是可以持续的，因而，享乐适应带给满足感的影响近乎于没有。也就是说，比较愉悦所受到享乐适应的影响而言，满足感对享乐适应是免疫的。故填resistant/immune。

【5】

考查形容词。结合关键词Advantages of pleasures over gratifications，定位到文章第三段。结合第二、三句There are reasons why they can be perfect for certain situations, however. First, they bring a quick lift in mood without a great deal of effort. 有很多原因可以解释为什么它们在某些情况下是完美的，但是，首先，它们不费吹灰之力，就能让人心情大好。据此，可以知道，愉悦能让人心情大好，是不费吹灰之力就可以获得的。故填easier。

【6】

考查形容词。结合第三段最后一句Second, gratifications do take more effort, so when you only have few minutes or a very limited amount of energy, pleasures are often the simpler and more accessible option. 其次，满足确实需要更多的努力，所以当你只有几分钟或者非常有限的精力时，快乐通常是更简单和更容易获得的选择。据此可以得出，快乐是当你非常忙或者精力有限时，是更简单和更容易获得的选择。故填busy/occupied /engaged。

【7】

考查非谓语动词。根据最后一段第一句Thankfully, we can do something to move away from the limiting effects of hedonic adaptation and engage in activities that can create a greater level of happiness in lie.值得庆幸的是，我们可以做些事情来摆脱享乐适应的限制性影响，从事能够在谎言中创造更大幸福水平的活动。可知，本句为段落的中心句。因而本段主要说明的是一些帮助摆脱享乐适应的限制性影响的方法和建议。结合空白前为介词，可知此处要填动名词。故填reducing/easing/relieving/ lessening/softening。

【8】

考查动词。根据最后一段For example, be sure to make time for hobbies! It doesn't really matter what the hobby is; as long as it's one you enjoy, you'll benefit from it, and these benefits will extend into the rest of your life. 例如，一定要腾出时间发展爱好! 爱好是什么并不重要，只要是你喜欢的，你就会从中受益，这些益处将延伸到你的余生。可知，只要爱好是你喜欢的，你就会从中受益，这些益处将延伸到你的余生。这个爱好就是让你感兴趣的事情。故填appeal。

【9】

考查副词。结合最后一段It's also a good idea to help other people. This can create greater meaning in your life, and thus create greater happiness. 帮助别人也是个好主意。 这会给你的生活带来更大的意义，从而创造更大的幸福。可知，帮助别人是很有意义的。故填meaningfully。

【10】

考查名词。根据最后一段最后三句话Enjoying your positive experiences is also a great way to maximize the positive in your life. So at the end of the day, a few days, a week, write about three things you enjoyed that day. Then, you'll be reliving these positive experience as you write about them, and can relive them again when you read. 享受你的积极体验也是最大化你生活中积极面的好方法。所以在一天结束的时候，几天，一周，写下你当天喜欢的三件事。然后，当你写下这些积极的经历时，你会再次体验它们，当你阅读时，你会再次体验它们。据此可以得出，享受你的积极体验的方式就是记录下自己的日志，当这些日志再次被读起来时，会给你再次体会的感觉。故填journal。