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It was ______________________ that you could learn English well.
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On the way to the supermarket, she ______________________.
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People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance ¡ª as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of ¡°threat value.¡± It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual¡¯s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
What news stories do you read? | |
Division of | ¡ñ People expect to get from reading news. |
of | ¡ñ News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual . |
¡ñ News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a to them. | |
Unstable boundaries | ¡ñ What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their . |
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¡¾1¡¿¡¾1¡¿What will the man do on Tuesday?
A. Visit a factory. B. Meet a company boss. C. Go to the seaside.
¡¾2¡¿¡¾2¡¿When will the man go to the mountains?
A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
¡¾3¡¿¡¾3¡¿What will the man wear on Friday?
A. A blue shirt. B. A sweater. C. A jacket.
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¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿There are two ways to look at this question --- ¡¾1¡¿ relating to eggs in general or to the chicken egg specifically. Either way, the answer is the same: the egg came before the chicken. ¡¾2¡¿ the case of eggs in general, animals such as dinosaurs were laying eggs long before the modern chicken came into existence, ¡¾3¡¿ (mean) that in this sense, the egg predated (ÔçÓÚ) the chicken by thousands of years. As for the chicken egg specifically , according to NPR¡¯s Robert Krulwich, the modern chicken ¡¾4¡¿ (hatch ·õ»¯) from an egg, meaning the egg came first.
The key to understanding the answer, and indeed the question itself, is to understand what the question is getting at. The dilemma is to understand ¡¾5¡¿ a chicken-like bird transformed into ¡¾6¡¿ is known as a modern chicken after being hatched or whether two chicken-like birds ¡¾7¡¿ (lay) and fertilized an egg that then hatched a fully formed chicken. In this case, the latter option is the most realistic, therefore answering the question of which came first. ¡¾8¡¿ (essential), a bird that was similar to a hen and another bird that is similar to ¡¾9¡¿ rooster combined their genetic material, leading to a gene mutation (Í»±ä) that resulted in the chicken that is ¡¾10¡¿ (good) known and loved today.
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A. /, occupied B. that, to be occupied
C. /, to be occupied D. that, occupied
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¡¾1¡¿The prize honors people who have contributed greatly to world culture and history.
The prize honors people who have ___________ ___________ _____________ to world culture and history.
¡¾2¡¿The Olympic flag is made up of five rings, which represent five continents.
The Olympic flag __________ __________five rings, which represent five continents.
¡¾3¡¿It is possible that Tom, my boss will be away for some time.
Tom, my boss is ___________ __________ be away for some time.
¡¾4¡¿It appears that pigeons have a compass inside them which tells them which way is north.
Pigeons ___________ ___________ ____________ a compass inside them which tells them which way is north.
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¡¾1¡¿It was f______ that the missing children returned home safe and sound.
¡¾2¡¿High school is so busy that we can¡¯t a______ to waste a single minute.
¡¾3¡¿The whole world, i______ with China¡¯s achievements, is learning from our country.
¡¾4¡¿Guilin is known across the world for its beautiful s______ .
¡¾5¡¿Small fish f______ a group can deal with very difficult problem.
¡¾6¡¿Accept that you will have bad days, and then get back on ______ (¹ìµÀ).
¡¾7¡¿He spoke no English and was ______ (ÍêÈ«) silent during the visit.
¡¾8¡¿1 would ______ (¸Ð¼¤) it very much if you could help me with my studies.
¡¾9¡¿______ (רҵµÄ) help may be needed if the same problem happens very often.
¡¾10¡¿There seems always heavy ______ (½»Í¨) in downtown Shapingba.
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An outstanding writer was in his study room. He picked up his pen and started writing:
Last year, I had a surgery and my gall bladder (µ¨ÄÒ) was1. I had to stay in bed for a long time. At the same time, I was 60 and had to2my favorite job. The same year I3the sorrow of the death of my father. And my son failed in his medical exam4he had a car accident.
In the end he wrote: Alas! It was so5a year!
When the writer's wife entered the room, she found her husband looking sad,6. Behind his back, she read7was written on the paper. She left the room8and came back with another paper and9it on the side of her husband's writing.
When the writer saw the paper, he found this 10on it:
Last year I finally11my gall bladder because of pain. I1260 with health and got retired from my job. Now I can13my time to write something better with more focus and peace. The same year my father, at the age of 95, passed14in peace. Meanwhile, my son gained15with a new life. My car was destroyed but my son stayed alive without getting any16. In the end she wrote: This year was a huge year and it passed17!
You see, the same incident has different viewpoints. In our daily lives we must18that it's not happiness that makes us19but gratefulness that makes us happy. There is always, always, always20to be thankful for!
£¨1£©A.cured B.removed C.deleted D.broken
£¨2£©A.give up B.give away C.give out D.give in
£¨3£©A.witnessed B.experienced C.realized D.undertook
£¨4£©A.when B.before C.although D.because
£¨5£©A.good B.beautiful C.bad D.smooth
£¨6£©A.lost in thought B.frightened to death C.deep in conversation D.burst into tears
£¨7£©A.which B.what C.that D.who
£¨8£©A.happily B.sadly C.silently D.anxiously
£¨9£©A.dropped B.placed C.stuck D.fixed
£¨10£©A.written B.printed C.expressed D.read
£¨11£©A.got away with B.broke away from C.got rid of D.put up with
£¨12£©A.turned B.became C.grew D.stayed
£¨13£©A.make up for B.make way for C.make the worst of D.make the most of
£¨14£©A.down B.off C.by D.away
£¨15£©A.reunion B.rebirth C.relief D.recovery
£¨16£©A.disability B.pain C.loss D.risk
£¨17£©A.finally B.badly C.well D.happily
£¨18£©A.guarantee B.confirm C.find D.see
£¨19£©A.hopeful B.wonderful C.grateful D.merciful
£¨20£©A.everything B.something C.nothing D.anything
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