Not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old.
Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development is a federal government agency. Its goal is to determine which experiences can influence healthy development in people.
Researchers at the institute note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other people.
The researchers say this ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. They say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.
Another study has suggested that low birth weight babies with no evidence of disability may be more likely than other children to have physical and mental problems.
American researchers studied almost five hundred boys and girls. They were born in, or admitted to, one of three hospitals in New Jersey between 1984 and 1987. At birth, each child weighed fewer than two thousand grams.
The boys and girls had an average age of sixteen at the time of the study. They were asked to complete intelligence and motor skill tests in their homes. Their test results were compared with those of other children their age.
【小题1】According to the passage, some people used to think that babies began to learn _________.
| A．on their first day of life | B．even before they were born |
| C．before five or six months old | D．at or after five or six months old |
| A．smiles | B．cries | C．facial expressions | D．body language |
| A．what affects people’s healthy development |
| B．what influences babies’ learning ability |
| C．how to cure some children’s health problems |
| D．how to develop children’s learning ability |
| A．The evaluation method of the tests. |
| B．The cause of low birth weight babies. |
| C．The result of the intelligence and motor skill tests. |
| D．The evidence proving babies began to learn before birth. |
【小题1】D
【小题2】D
【小题3】A
【小题4】C
解析试题分析：这篇文章主要讲了婴儿究竟是在什么时候开始学习？众说纷纭，有的认为是在出生之后；有的认为是在有了需要的知觉，而今天这篇文章中，美国专家认为，婴儿在开始形成时就开始了学习。
【小题1】D细节题。根据文章第一段 Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old，可知有些人认为婴儿四到五个月大才开始学习，所以选D
【小题2】D 信息归纳题。根据文章第三段They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver.可知婴儿可以通过他人的肢体语言来进行学习，所以选D
【小题3】A 细节题。根据文章第二段Its goal is to determine which experiences can influence healthy development in people.可知这个研究所的目的是研究什么经历能影响人的健康发展，所以选A
【小题4】C 推断题。根据最后一段的They were asked to complete intelligence and motor skill tests in their homes.可知下一段会出示这些测试的结果，所以选C
考点：考查教育类短文
孟建平名校考卷系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Like a backward tape, time returns to my mom's teens．She is waiting for admission results from a famous high school．She has studied for the test but with joy, since she feels no suffering in learning．Suddenly I spy her jumping and laughing, waving a paper in her hand while her family stands nearby, more shocked than happy．No one else from their village has ever passed the test．
Later, at her new high school, I proudly watch as she continues to rise to the top．Many of her essays are published in newspapers, and her classmates seek her advice when a test is approaching． She never refuses them, and I feel honored to be related to such an intelligent person．
As I walk with her through her journey, I finally come to the point I have been looking forward to most: her life in America． After passing several tests and finding a kind boss to sponsor her, she becomes a college student at University of California, Los Angeles． At first, I sense her loneliness and panic as she tries to adapt to her new surroundings．Though her English is broken and she knows little about American culture, I can tell she is more than grateful to be here． Here she has access to electricity and running water, and most importantly, better schools． At UCLA, she has so many opportunities to grow and advance in her field．
Her journey to America was for just one reason: education．Though having an education will better her life, I know she doesn't do it for herself．My mom wants her children to have an easier life that will not require hard labor．I see what my mom goes through, and I'm filled with gratitude that she has made the brave choice to move here．
【小题1】According to the first paragraph, the writer's mother considers learning to be .
| A．easy and joyful | B．bitter but rewarding |
| C．costly and boring | D．exciting but fruitless |
| A．Working as a newspaper deliverer． |
| B．Feeling proud of her intelligence． |
| C．Working hard to be honored and awarded． |
| D．Giving her classmates advice before tests． |
| A．By doing a part-time job． |
| B．By asking her parents for support． |
| C．With the financial support from a kind boss． |
| D．With the help from her teachers and classmates． |
| A．To accumulate wealth． |
| B．To benefit her children． |
| C．To make her parents live better． |
| D．To become famous in her field of study． |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
When did you last go outside for sports? Some students might need a while to remember. But for students in Yangzhou University it is easy to remember as they need to run in the morning at least three times a week during their two terms. The university even uses fingerprint punch-in clocks(指纹签到机) to manage students’ records. However, some students still try to skip(不参加) morning running. To them, sports are just not important enough.
Now colleges are seeing a change in the student lifestyle from outdoor enthusiasts to indoor couch potatoes and Internet addicts. The Internet and various on-campus services, from food delivery to laundry, are leading to a student culture of staying in dormitories. A student can have every need met without leaving the dormitory.
In the past two years Zhang Yi, 20, a junior majoring in law at Yangzhou University, has never been outside for sports except during physical education class. “I don’t think there is anything wrong with sleeping late in the morning and wanting to stay in the dormitory in my spare time. I have more fun doing things on my computer than playing on the sports ground in wet clothes.” said Zhang.
“With social networking sites, online games and micro-blogging added to already tight schedules, sports are often the last thing to be considered.” said Cheng Jie, 21, a senior majoring in civil engineering at the Southeast University in Nanjing.
But Jin Yinghua, a professor at Beijing Sports University, said that sports are not only for keeping fit, but also an irreplaceable(不能替代的) “education” for students. Sports are not only a way for students to train their body, but also an important way to learn responsibility, teamwork and devotion.
【小题1】The first paragraph mainly tells us ________.
| A．the fingerprint punch-in clocks are widely used |
| B．some college students have poor memories |
| C．students cannot skip morning running any more |
| D．the problem of students skipping sports is serious |
| A．love sports more than anything else |
| B．prefer Internet games to sports |
| C．enjoy sleeping late in the morning |
| D．are too busy with study to do any sports |
| A．sports play an important role in students’ over-round development |
| B．the most important goal for students to do sports is to keep healthy |
| C．universities should take tough measures in student management |
| D．the spirit of responsibility can be developed in more than one way |
| A．Morning running at colleges | B．A new college life |
| C．Sports losing attraction | D．P.E. class at colleges |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Here is a true story about a famous man who worked in the White House and a criminal. They once faced the same thing: their mother gave them apples when they were young.
The criminal said: one day, my mother brought some apples and asked my brother and me: “Which do you want?” “The reddest and biggest one,” my little brother said. My mother stared at him and said to him angrily: “You should learn to give the good things to others; you shouldn’t always think of yourself.” Seeing this, I suddenly changed my idea and then said to my mother: “Mum, please give me the smaller one and give the bigger one to my little brother.” Hearing my words, my mother was very happy. She kissed me on my face and gave the reddest and biggest apple to me as a prize. From then on, I learned to tell lies, fight, steal and rob. In order to get what I wanted, I played hard. As a result, I was sent into prison.
The famous man from the White House said: One day, my mother brought some apples. She said to my brother and me: “You all want the reddest and biggest one, right? Well, let’s have a competition. Now I divide the grassland in front of the gate into two and I will give one to each of you and you must shear(修剪) it well. And I will give the reddest and biggest apple to him who does it the most quickly and best.”
After the competition, I won and I got the biggest apple. In our family, as long as you want to get the best things, you must take part in competition. I think it is fair. No matter what you want, you must pay lots of efforts.
【小题1】The criminal got the reddest and biggest apple because .
| A．he told the truth that he wanted a smaller one |
| B．his mother loved him more than she loved the younger brother |
| C．elder brother should of course have the bigger one |
| D．he knew how to make his mother happy from her answer |
| A．it’s important to make children aware that no matter what they want, they must pay work |
| B．it’s wrong to ask children to choose apples when they are not old enough |
| C．it’s wrong to ask children not to always think of themselves |
| D．it’s always necessary to have a competition when we give children apple |
| A．organizing it in the order of time |
| B．making a comparison between two men |
| C．providing some scientific information |
| D．describing it in the order of space |
| A．we should always try to win competitions which can bring us a lot |
| B．in order to get what we want, we should play hard |
| C．giving children apples will lead them to become criminals |
| D．a mother’s educational method has a great influence on a child’s growing |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists are finding may help us all make better choices. Here are some of their amazing discoveries to help you make up your mind.
Consider your emotions. You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision making, but in fact they’re a part of it. Whenever you make up your mind, your brain’s emotional center is active. University of Southern California scientist, Antonio Damasio, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains, and found that they were unable to make basic choices about what to wear or eat. Damasio thinks this may be because our brains store emotional memories of past choices, which we use to help the present decision making.
However, making choices under the influence of an emotion can greatly affect the result. Take anger, for example. A study by Nitika Garg of the University of Mississippi and other scientists found the angry shoppers were more likely to choose the first thing they were offered rather than considering other choices. It seems anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking.
All emotions affect our thinking and motivation, so it may be best to avoid making important decisions under their influence. Yet strangely there’s one emotion that seems to help us make good choices. The American researchers found that sad people took time to consider the various choices on offer, and ended up making the best choices. In fact many studies show that people who feel unhappy have the most reasonable view of the world.
【小题1】According to the text, what may help us make better decisions?
| A．To think about happy times. |
| B．To make many decisions at a time. |
| C．To stop feeling regretful about the past. |
| D．To learn about the process of decision-making. |
| A．emotions are the enemy of decision making |
| B．our brain has nothing to do with decision making |
| C．people with physical damage find it hard to make up their minds |
| D．our emotional memories of past choices can affect present decisions |
| A．They often forget their past choices. |
| B．They make decisions without much thinking. |
| C．They tend to save time when shopping. |
| D．They are too angry to bargain. |
| A．Emotions are a part of decision making. |
| B．Sad people always make the worst choices. |
| C．No emotion seems to help us make good choices. |
| D．Only sad feelings affect our thinking and motivation. |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
If you don’t use a dictionary. What should you do instead? The first thing you can do is trying to guess what the word means. Often the surrounding context gives a very clear idea of the meaning of the word. Even if you can’t work out the meaning exactly, you may be able to get a vague idea, enough to enable you to continue reading.
Sometimes It is impossible to guess the meaning of a word from the context and then you will have to decide whether the word is important enough to make it worthwhile stopping and looking it up in a dictionary or whether you can just pass it by.
Many times in your reading, you will come across words which you don’t know, but which do not prevent you from understanding all the main points of the text. You can made your dictionary use much more efficient if you only look up the words which are necessary to understand the text. and this means that you must develop the skill to decide whether the words are worth looking up.
【小题1】The passage mainly tells us in our reading what we would do .
| A．without knowledge of English |
| B．when we look up words in a dictionary |
| C．when we are guessing new words |
| D．without using a dictionary |
| A．Mysterious. | B．Not clear. | C．Exact. | D．Important. |
| A．help us to understand the text well |
| B．don’t prevent us from understanding the main points of the text |
| C．will be remembered forever |
| D．are borrowed from other languages |
| A．advised us to use the dictionary as much as possible |
| B．told us not to be discouraged by the sight of a dictionary |
| C．gave us some advice on how to deal with these unknown words |
| D．introduced some ways to take notes in the course of reading |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Many parents have learned the hard way that what sounds like open communication is otfen the very thing that closes a youngster’s ears and mouth, One common mistake is the Lecture, the long monologue that often starts with “When I was your age……”Eighteen –year –old Kelly calls lectures “Long , one-side discussions in which I don’t say much.”
Kids reflexively（条件反射地）shout down in the face of a lecture , Their eyes glaze over（呆滞）,and they don’t register any incoming information , Listen to 13-year –old Sarah describe her least favorite times with her mom and dad, “First, they scream, Then comes the“We’re so disappointed’ speech , Then the ‘I never did that to my parents’ lecture begins , After that, even if they realize how ridiculous they sound, they never take it back’”.
Lines like “When you have children of your own, you’ll understand” have been seriously said by parents since time immemorial, But many of our expert parents, like Bobby , a registered nurse and mother of three, feel that by falling back on cliches（陈词滥调）to justify our actions, we weaken our position.
Since kids are creatures of here and now, the far-off future has no relevance to them, Therefore ,good communicators like Bobby suggest, “Give specific reasons for your actions in present language:‘I’m not letting you go to the party because I don’t think there will be enough adult supervisions（监护）”。
Betty, who lives in Missouri ,uses and indirect approach, “I find that warnings are accepted more readily if I discuss a news article on a subject I am concerned about, My husband and I talk about it while our children absorb the information, Then they never think I’m preaching（布道）”.
This really helped when Betty’s kids began driving , Instead of constantly repeating “Don’t drink; don’t speed”, She would talk about articles in the paper and express sympathy for the victims of a car crash, Betty made no special effort to draw her kids into the conversation, She depended on a teenager’s strong desire to put in his opinions—especially if he thinks he isn’t being asked for them.
【小题1】The purpose of the passage is to
| A．compare two ways of parents’ communicating with their kids |
| B．give parents advice on how to communicate with their kids |
| C．explain why kids won’t listen to their parents |
| D．introduce kids’ reaction to the communication between them and their parents |
| A．Kids won’t listen to their parents because they think what their parents say is boring |
| B．Many kids think they have no right to express their own opinions |
| C．Some kids think their parents should apologize when they are wrong |
| D．Kids don’t like any discussion at all. |
| A．独白 | B．对话 | C．插话 | D．讨论 |
| A．Parents own experience |
| B．Kids possible life in the future |
| C．Something related to kids’ present life |
| D．What parents have done to their own parents |
| A．tell their kids to listen carefully |
| B．set out their warnings directly |
| C．list out as many examples as possible |
| D．arouse kids’ desire to express themselves |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life.
In some modern countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all whether rich or poor, clever or stupid, one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough: we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees; they refuse to do what they think “low” work; and in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful. But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor; we can live without education, but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we would get terrible diseases in our towns.
In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we are educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability, and secondly, that we realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that it is very bad to be ashamed of one’s work. Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.
【小题1】The writer of this passage thinks that________.
| A．free education for all probably leads to a perfect world |
| B．free education can solve all of the world’s problems |
| C．free education won’t help to solve social problems |
| D．all the social problems can’t be solved by free education |
| A．a farmer is more important than a professor |
| B．our society needs all kinds of jobs |
| C．our society needs free education for all |
| D．people with university degrees earn more money |
| A．work with hands is low work |
| B．work with hands is dirty and shameful |
| C．work with hands is the most important |
| D．we can’t regard work with hands as low work |
| A．to prepare children for their future life |
| B．to let everyone receive education |
| C．to choose a system of education |
| D．to prepare children for well-paid jobs |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Picture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. In it the majority of students will have conformed to (符合) the standard model of the time: male, middle class and Western. Walk into a class today, however, and you’ll get a completely different impression. For a start, you will now see plenty more women—the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, for example, boasts that 40% of its new enrolment is female. You will also see a wide range of ethnic groups and nationals of practically every country.
It might be tempting, therefore, to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportunity achieved. But, increasingly, this apparent diversity (多样化) is becoming a mask for a new type of conformity. Behind the differences in sex, skin tones and mother tongues, there are common attitudes, expectations and ambitions which risk creating a set of clones among the business leaders of the future.
Diversity, it seems, has not helped to address fundamental weaknesses in business leadership. So what can be done to create more effective managers of the commercial world? According to Valerie Gauthier, associate dean at HEC Paris, the key lies in the process by which MBA programmes recruit (招聘) their students. At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria such as prior (以前的) academic and career performance, and analytical and problem solving abilities. This is then coupled to a school’s picture of what a diverse class should look like, with the result that passport, ethnic origin and sex can all become influencing factors. But schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed, to create a class which also contains diversity of attitude and approach—arguably the only diversity that, in a business context, really matters.
Professor Gauthier believes schools should not just be selecting candidates from traditional sectors such as banking, consultancy and industry. They should also be seeking individuals who have backgrounds in areas such as political science, the creative arts, history or philosophy, which will allow them to put business decisions into a wider context.
Indeed, there does seem to be a demand for the more rounded leaders such diversity might create. A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated (根除) completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management—at least in America and Europe. Perhaps most significant, according to Mannaz, is the increasing interest large companies have in more collaborative (合作的) management models, such as those prevalent (流行的) in Scandinavia, which seek to integrate the hard and soft aspects of leadership and encourage delegated responsibility and accountability.
【小题1】What characterizes the business school student population of today?
| A．Greater diversity. | B．Exceptional diligence. |
| C．Intellectual maturity. | D．Higher ambition. |
| A．It will arouse students’ unrealistic expectations. |
| B．It will produce business leaders of a uniform style. |
| C．It focuses on theory rather than on practical skills. |
| D．It stresses competition rather than cooperation. |
| A．Age and educational background. | B．Attitude and approach to business. |
| C．Social and professional experience. | D．Ethnic origin and gender. |
| A．It is eradicating the tough aspects of management. |
| B．It encourages male and female executives to work side by side. |
| C．It adopts the bully-boy chief executive model. |
| D．It is shifting towards more collaborative models. |
查看答案和解析>>
湖北省互联网违法和不良信息举报平台 | 网上有害信息举报专区 | 电信诈骗举报专区 | 涉历史虚无主义有害信息举报专区 | 涉企侵权举报专区
违法和不良信息举报电话：027-86699610 举报邮箱：58377363@163.com