6.One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar."Brutus was not an honorable man,"he said."He was a traitor(叛徒).And he murdered someone in cold blood."The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him.He made a bad decision,they said-at least as it was presented by Shakespeare-to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar.And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind,Caesar was nevertheless his superior."You have to endeavor,"the executives said,"our policy is to obey the chain of command."
During the last few years,business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare's wisdom for profitable ends.None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman,well-known advisers to the White House,who started up a training company called"Movers and Shakespeares".They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers,and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business.They conduct between 30and 40workshops annually,focusing on half a dozen different plays,mostly for corporations,but also for government agencies.
The workshops all take the same form,focusing on a single play as a kind of case study,and using individual scenes as specific lessons.In Julius Caesar,sly provocation(狡诈的挑唆) of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.
Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature,the programmes,contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background.Their workshop on Henry V,for example,includes a helpful explanation of Henry's winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt.But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向):their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power.Instead,they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader.And at the workshop on Caesar,Mr.Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus,saying"the noblest Roman of them all"couldn't make his mind up about things.
Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar's pride,which led to his murder,and Brutus's mistakes in leading the after the murder,they said,raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?
73.According to paragraph 1,what did all the executives think of Brutus?A.
A.Cruel.
B.Superior.
C.Honourable.
D.Rude
74.According to the passage,the Adelmans set up"Movers and Shakespeares"toB.
A.help executives to understand Shakespeare's plays better
B.give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare's plays
C.provide case studies of Shakespeare's plays in literature workshops
D.guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare's plays.
75.Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A
A.To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.
B.To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.
C.To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.
D.To warn executives against power misuse.
76.It can be inferred from the passage thatD.
A.the Adelmans'programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.
B.executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare's plays.
C.the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.
D.Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.
77.The best title for the passage isD.
A.Shakespeare's plays:Executives reconsider corporate culture
B.Shakespeare's plays:An essential key to business success
C.Shakespeare's plays:a lesson for business motivation
D.Shakespeare's plays:Dramatic training brings dramatic results.
分析 这篇文章的内容和莎士比亚相关,讲述了Adelmans夫妇开办莎士比亚文学作品鉴赏机构,吸纳企业执行官们研修莎翁作品,借此提升他们的企业管理能力的故事.在过去几年,商业执行官和作家们找到了一种新的方式来劝导行政体系,美国探索利用了莎士比亚的智慧来产生客观效益.发挥到极致的莫过于Kenneth和Carol Adelman夫妇了,他们是著名的白宫建议人,建立了一个名为"movers and shakespeares"的培训公司.他们是非专业的莎士比亚研究者和推崇者,并将其高昂的激情用于商业管理培训项目中.他们每年都会承办30到40场研讨会,专著于讨论不同的莎士比亚著作.大部分为了企业而举办,但也有政府要员参与.
解答 73、A.细节理解题.第一段中,提到"The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him."其实就是"what all the executives thought of Brutus"的另一种说法,相当于同意替换.所以大家全部赞同Brutus是个残忍的人.本题难度不髙.故答案选A.
74、B.推理判断题.Adelmans夫妇设立"Moversand Shakespeares"的目的可以从第二、第三段中找到踪迹.虽然第二段中没有明确说明,但我们发现这样一句"and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business."最后定位在"management training business"三个关键词上.我们再从答案中找到类似表达,发现B选顶的表达与原文意思最为接近.这对夫妇设立这个莎翁作品研习机构就是为了向那些企业管理人员提供一些新鲜的视角和方法,从莎翁的文学作品中学到一些企业管理和员工激励等的理论和精髓.本題稍有难度.故答案选B.
75、A.细节理解题.通过关键词Henry V,我们快速锁定第四段.第四段几乎全段都在讨论设立莎翁文学作品研读机构的目的.小说中的亨利五世滥用职权,但研读机构故意忽略了这一点,而更加侧重亨利五世勇于抓住机会并成长为一名杰出领袖的部分.另外,工坊向大家剖析了亨利五世打赢the Battle of Agincourt战役的战略.A选顶正是强调了抓住机会(进而成长为领袖)的重要性,为最佳选顶.B选顶鼓励大师级的领袖们为了成功需提前谋划.C选顶阐释了管理中偏见的危害.D选顶警告管理者们不要滥用职权,与原文意义恰恰相反.本题定位虽较为容易,但要想得到正确答案,还需要思考思考.稍有难度.综上所述,故答案选A.
76、D.推理判断题.看四个答案.A选顶提到的内容在刚才讲亨利五世小说研读机构时提到过(第四段),但语意已经被改的面目全非,说莎翁小说研读机构的项目有失偏颇,因为主人公已经被无限放大.与原文严重不符.B选顶指出机构的企业家学员们对莎翁戏剧中的很多内容感到厌烦,这与原文不符.假若发现厌烦,就没有必要参加此研修班了.C选顶指出如果Adelmans夫妇是专业学者,或许能够赚更多钱.这点原文中没有暗示.可以排除.D选顶提到莎士比亚在管理领域起了重要作用.综上所述,只有D选顶符合題意.故答案选D.
77、D.标题判断题.需要总结一下莎士比亚戏剧在本文中究竟是什么.此题有难度,干扰顶太多.A.莎翁戏剧让企管人员重新思考企业文化.B.莎翁戏剧是商业成功的关键秘诀,过分夸大了戏剧的作用.C.莎翁戏剧为企业激励上了一课,涵盖面略窄.D.莎翁戏剧:戏剧训练带来戏剧化的结果,dramatic用词巧妙,双关.综合考虑,故答案选D.
点评 本文是一篇有关于历史文化的阅读.题目结构:两道推理判断题,两道细节理解题和一道标题判断题.本篇阅读稍有难度,需好好理解,平时可以多训练自己重点信息定位的能力,注重提髙自己的辨析能力,全部选对,则不是难事.