Question

【题目】 One major reason Americans don’t get enough exercise is that they feel they don’t have enough time. It can be difficult to squeeze in the 75 minutes of aerobic (有氧的) exercise per week that federal guidelines recommend.【1】.

In a new analysis of 14 studies, researchers tracked deaths among more than 232,000 people from the U.S., Denmark, the U.K. and China over at least five years, and compared the findings with people’s self-reports about how much they ran. People who said they ran any amount were less likely to die than those who didn’t run at all.【2】 This was true even for those who didn’t log a great deal of time. The analysis divided people into groups, with 50 minutes or less per week representing the group that ran the least―but still ran. ‘‘Regardless of how much you run, you can expect such benefits,” says Zeljko Pedisic, one of the authors of the new analysis published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

The analysis is the latest to illustrate the benefits of running on the human body. It’s what we evolved (进化) to do. 【3】 But as leisure-time exercise, running keeps us healthy. “One of the best ways to avoid having to see a doctor,” Zeljko says, “is to stay physically active.”

【4】 Running is good at guarding against cancer partly because it uses up blood sugar, starving the cancer cells that rely on it for fuel. And it protects you in other ways not necessarily measured in the latest research: by decreasing inflammation (炎症), for example, which is at the root of many diseases, and stimulating the production of a protein that improves brain health.

【5】 Neither were how often people ran and the pace they kept. As long as you’re running, more isn’t always better, especially given that the risk of injury increases with repetition.

A.People may no longer hunt wild animals for their next meal.

B.The physical demands of running affect our body in a beneficial way.

C.Some people run to prevent disease, and others run because it makes them feel better.

D.Runners were 27% less likely to die for any reason, compared with nonrunners.

E.But researchers point out, to infer something like that, they need the whole population measured.

F.But new research suggests people may be able to get life-lengthening benefits by running for far less time.

G.The good news is that running more than 50 minutes per week wasn’t linked to additional protections against dying.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】F

【2】D

【3】A

【4】B

【5】G

【解析】

本文是说明文。文章介绍了跑步对健康的好处：减小死亡率，预防癌症，减少炎症，刺激蛋白质的生产，改善大脑健康。跑步的频率和速度不重要，只要在跑步就行。

【1】

上文提到美国人抽不出时间进行锻炼的现象，下文介绍跑步对健康的好处。F项：但新的研究表明，人们可以通过更短的跑步时间获得延长寿命的好处。与上文形成转折，引出下文的主要内容。故选F。

【2】

上文提到，研究表明：那些经常跑步的人比那些根本不跑步的人死亡的可能性更小。D项：跑步者因任何原因死亡的可能性比不跑步的人低27%，是对上文研究结果的进一步说明。故选D。

【3】

上句提到：最新的分析表明了跑步对人体的好处，就是我们的进化。下文应该具体介绍人类进化对运动的影响。A项：人们可能不再捕猎野生动物作为他们的下一餐，说明了人类生存方式的变化，引出了下文人们把跑步作为休闲锻炼方式。故选A。

【4】

下文提到跑步能很好地预防癌症，减少炎症，刺激蛋白质的生产，改善大脑健康。这些都是跑步对身体的好处，B项：跑步的身体需求对我们的身体有好处。概括了本段内容，故选B。

【5】

下文提到人们跑步的频率和速度不重要，只要在跑步就行，跑步越多并不总是越好。G项：好消息是，每周跑步超过50分钟并没有额外的预防死亡的作用，说明了跑步的时间和作用关系并不大的道理。故选G。