9.In his 1930 essay"Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren",John Keynes,a famous economist,wrote that human needs fall into two classes:absolute needs,which are independent of what others have,and relative needs,which make us feel superior to our fellows.He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的),this is not true of abolute needs.
Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority.He was greatly mistaken,however,in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands.
Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demands for almost all goods,including even basic goods like food.When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner,for example,the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them.Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.
There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demand for quality.For example,Porsche,a famous car producer,has a model which was considered perhaps the best sport car on the market Priced at over $120,000,it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration.But in 2004,the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration.People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting.To get them,however,they must pay almost four times the prices.
By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands,Keynes actually reduced such demands.However,the desire for higher quality has no natural limits.
56.According to the passage,John Keynes Believed thatC.
A.desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs
B.absolute needs come fom our sense of superiority
C.relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands
D.absolute needs are stronger than relative needs
57.What does the word"escalation"paragraph 4probably mean?B
A.Understanding.
B.Incease.
C.Difference.
D.Expectation.
58.The author of the passage argues thatA.
A.absolute needs have no limits
B.demands for quality are not insatiable
C.human desires influence ideas of quality
D.relative needs decide most of our spending.
分析 本文从英国著名经济学家约翰•梅纳德•凯恩斯的一篇文章《我们后代的经济前景》入手,辩证地指出了他在文中提出的、关于消费需求的正确的和错误论点,指出了他的"人类对于优越生活的欲望是过度消费的唯一源泉"的错误.作者列举事例,从结婚周年庆的夫妇吃大餐的原因分析,并列举了保时捷一个成功的营销战例,力图证明消费也是由真实的、对生活质量的需求而决定的.在经济学上,绝对需求,指的是包括吃、喝、睡、性等一系列与我们的动物属性相关的对于生存的要求;相对需求,则指衣住行、柴米油盐、烟酒糖茶…享受类等与心理更为相关的社群性需求.
解答 56.C.细节理解题.根据文章内容He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的),this is not true of abolute needs.可知,在约翰•梅纳德•凯恩斯看来,人类对于奢华生活的相对需求才是造成过度消费的罪魁祸首.这也是作者极力批驳他的地方.故选C.
57.B.细节理解题.根据上下文内容可知,There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demand for quality.中escalation的意思是"扩大;增加",句意表示"对生活质量需求的增加".故选B.
58.A.推理判断题.按凯恩斯的观点,人类需求分为"绝对需求"和"相对需求".从文章第一段可知"He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的),this is not true of absolute needs."(词组be not true of…对…不适用、不符合…)凯恩斯认为相对需求是无止境的.作者所做的就是辩驳他的论点,应是绝对需求无限,相对需求则和生活质量有关,是可控的、有条件性的和有限的,故选A.
点评 本文是一篇政治经济类阅读,题目涉及多道主旨大意题,细节理解题,推理判断题.做题时学生应仔细阅读原文,把握文章主要内容,联系文章上下文内容并结合所给选项含义,从中选出正确答案,一定要做到有理有据,切忌胡乱猜测.