Question

【题目】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。

Next time a customer comes to your office，offer him a cup of coffee. And when you're doing your holiday shopping online，make sure you're holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth，while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions－those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists have known that one person's perception(感知) of another's “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration，even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences，Bargh argues，when babies' conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations，particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow，published in 1958，showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire，even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow's work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done，Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures，and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth，Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study's hypotheses(假设)，handed the students either a hot cup of coffee，or a cold drink，to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form：The drink was then handed back. After that，the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly.” says Bargh.

【1】According to Paragraph 1，a person's emotion may be affected by ________.

A．the visitors to his office

B．the psychology lessons he has

C．his physical feeling of coldness

D．the things he has bought online

【2】The author mentions Harlow's experiment to show that ________.

A．adults should develop social skills

B．babies need warm physical contact

C．caregivers should be healthy adults

D．monkeys have social relationships

【3】In Bargh's experiment，the students were asked to ________.

A．evaluate someone's personality

B．write down their hypotheses

C．fill out a personal information form

D．hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

【4】We can infer from the passage that ________.

A．abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B．feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

C．physical temperature affects how we see others

D．capable persons are often cold to others

【5】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Drinking for Better Social Relationships

B．Experiments of Personality Evaluation

C．Developing Better Drinking Habits

D．Physical Sensations and Emotions

Answer 1

【答案】【1】C

【2】B

【3】A

【4】C

【5】D

【解析】身体上对于外界的感知可以影响人们心理上对于某事物的看法。

【1】细节理解题。文章中第一段中提到，身体上对于温暖的感知可以激发热情，而一杯冷饮在手可以使人避免头脑发热，可知一个人的情感是由他的身体感知所影响的。

【2】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句内容可知。

【3】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中After that，the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description.可知。

【4】推理判断题。文章开头点明：身体对于冷暖的感知可以影响人的心理，接下来分别用Harlow和Bargh的实验来证明这个观点，答案选C。

【5】主旨大意题。本文主要讨论了一个研究结果：人对于外界的看法是由身体对于外界的感知所影响的，故答案选D即身体感知和情感。