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    　　Early in the development of agriculture men discovered how to make alcoholic (酒精的) drinks from grapes and com. The ancient Egyptians drank both wine and beer, and the Greeks carried on a lively trade in wine throughout the Mediter ranean.The vines of grapes are all of a single species (物种). Vitis vinifera, although there are hundreds of varieties adapted to different soils and climates.

    　　Wine is the fermented (发酵的) juice of fresh grapes. The juice of the wine grape contains sugar, and growths of yeast (酵母) form on the outside of the grape skins. In wine making, the grapes are crushed in a wine press and the yeast converts (改变)the sugar to alcohol, when there is no air present, by a process(处理)called fermentation. Red wine is made from dark grapes, and white wine from white grapes or from dark grapes whose skins have been removed from the wine press at an early stage. The most famous wine-growing countries are France, Germany and Italy. Wine was made in England in the Middle Ages, but the climate is not really suitable for grapevines. Wines must be drunk quickly once they are opened, otherwise bacteria (细菌) will use the air to convert the alcohol to vinegar. The bacteria are killed by a higher alcohol content than is found in wine and that is why sherry and port, the specialties (特制品) of Spain and Portugal, are fortified (加度) by the addition of spirits to make them last longer.

    　　Beer is made from barley (大麦) grains which is fermented with yeast to produce alcohol; hops are added for flavour (特别的味道) .Ale, the most common drink in England in the Middle Ages, was also made from barley, but without hops, the ale of today is merely a type of beer. In Japan beer is made from rice.

    　　Spirits have a higher alcoholic content than beer and wine and are made by distillation (蒸馏) from a base or grain or some other vegetables. Gin and vodka can be distilled from avariety of ingredients (原料), including potatoes; Scotch whisky is obtained from a base of fermented barley, and brandy form the distillation of wine. Cider is made from apples. South American Indians make alcoholic drinks from cactus leaves and the shoots of certain palm trees.

    1．The “press” ( Sentence 3, Para. 2) is most probably ________.

    [　　]

    A．a machine for making wine

    B．a container for changing the sugar to alcohol

    C．a device for crushing grapes

    D．a process called fermentation

    2．From the second paragraph, we learn that ________.

    [　　]

    A．red wine and white wine are made from grapes with skins

    B．wine was first made in England in the Middle Ages

    C．wines must be drunk quickly once they were opened because they are made by fermentation

    D．wines can last longer by adding strong alcohol because bacteria are killed

    3．According to the author, spirits ________.

    [　　]

    A．are made by fermentation

    B．are all made from grains, potatoes and apples

    C．are strong alcoholic drinks

    D．are getting popular in South America.

    4．Which of the following statements is true?

    [　　]

    A．All vines of grapes belong to one species.

    B．The most famous wine-growing countries are France, Germany and England.

    C．Ale is the most common drink in England today.

    D．All kinds of whisky is made from barley.

    5．The best title for the passage would be“________”.

    [　　]

    A．Wine, Beer and Spirits

    B．Drinks from Fruits and Grains

    C．The Development of Drinks

    D．The History of Drinks

    答案：C;D;C;A;B
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    [　　]

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    [　　]

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    [　　]

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    [　　]

    A．

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