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【题目】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Since 1 first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans 2 (find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found 3 (it) way into our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in 4 (environment) science and technology, researchers estimate the average American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, 5 (small) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the health 6 (effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stress the real volume that people are 7 (casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came 8 drinking bottled water, in 9 the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet 10 (compare) with tap water, The Guardian reports.

【答案】

1the

2have found

3its

4environmental

5smaller

6effects

7casually

8from

9which

10compared

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料对我们人体及环境的影响。人们在呼吸、饮食中都不知不觉地吸入了许多塑料的微小颗粒,但这些健康的后果目前还不清楚。

1考查冠词。句意:自1907年第一个完全人工塑料被发明以来,人类已经发现了这种材料的无数用途。根据序数词first可知此处要用冠词the。故填the

2考查时态。句意:自1907年第一个完全人工塑料被发明以来,人类已经发现了这种材料的无数用途。根据此句Since可知主句要用完成时,且动作还会持续,主语是humans。故填have found

3考查形容词性物主代词。句意:它已经渗入我们的工具、我们的衣服甚至我们的身体里。根据主语是it,且way是名词,可知此处要用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its

4考查形容词。句意:在《环境科学与技术》杂志的一项新研究中,研究人员估计,美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒,这些微粒的长度小于5毫米,平均呼吸量为5万多块。根据名词词组science and technology,可知此处要用形容词作定语修饰名词。故填environmental

5考查形容词的比较级。句意:在《环境科学与技术》杂志的一项新研究中,研究人员估计,美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒,这些微粒的长度小于5毫米,平均呼吸量为5万多块。根据than可知此处要用形容词的比较级。故填smaller

6考查名词的复数。句意:尽管食用这些塑料碎片对健康的影响尚不清楚,但研究人员强调,人们随意吞下的塑料碎片的实际数量令人担忧。根据the health可知此处要用名词作主语,再由are unclear可知此处要用名词的复数形式。故填effects

7考查副词。句意:尽管食用这些塑料碎片对健康的影响尚不清楚,但研究人员强调,人们随意吞下的塑料碎片的实际数量令人担忧。此处要用副词修饰动词are swallowing。故填casually

8考查介词。句意:据英国《卫报》报道,最大的诱因来自饮用瓶装水,瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。短语came from来自,起源于,是固定短语。故填from

9考查非限制性定语从句关系词。句意:据英国《卫报》报道,最大的诱因来自饮用瓶装水,瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。根据先行词是drinking bottled water,指物,且由介词in,可知用介词+which引导非限制性定语从句,因此此处要用which。故填which

10考查非谓语动词。句意:据英国《卫报》报道,最大的诱因来自饮用瓶装水,瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。分析句子成分可知,此句谓语是added,因此此处要用非谓语动词,且a dietcompare之间是被动关系,因此要用过去分词。故填compared

2小题由since可知考查了现在完成时的用法。现在完成时结构:have/has+过去分词。主要用法有:

1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着眼点在现在。现在完成时时常与不确定的过去时间状语连用,表示“已发生”或“未发生”,如:yetjustbeforerecentlyoncelatelyof late等;也同表示频度的时间状语连用,如:ofteneverneversometimestwiceon several occasions等;也同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如:nowtodaythis morningthis monththis year等。但不能同特定的过去时间状语(in 1995last year等)连用。例句:

He has lost his wallet. 他的钱包丢了。

Why haven’t I seen you all these months? 我怎么这么多月没看见你呢?

We’ve had too much rain this year. 今年雨水太多。

2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。常同表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语连用,如:so farup to nowsince last yearfor a long timeall my lifethese few days等。例句:

He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在这里工作已有20多年了。

Up to now, we have received no news from her. 到现在为止,我们没有从她那里收到任何消息。

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