Question

Some students get so nervous before a test. They do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock, a psychology professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test­takers.

Sian Beilock says, “They start worrying about the consequences. They might even start worrying about whether this exam is going to prevent them from getting into the college they want. And when they worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources. I talk about them as their cognitive(认知的)horsepower that they could otherwise be using to focus on the exam.”

Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test­takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test. The researchers tested the idea on a group of 20 anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test. The researchers added to the pressure. They told the students that those who did well on the second test would get money. They also told them that their performance would affect other students as part of a team effort.

Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12 percent worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent.

Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.

Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B＋， compared to a B－for those who did not.

The research shows that for students who are highly test­anxious, who'd done the writing intervention(排解), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. Those students most likely to worry were performing just as well as their classmates who don't normally get nervous in these testing situations.

But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance.

16．The purpose of the passage is ________．

A. to build the confidence of the highly anxious test­takers

B. to introduce a research about the anxious test­takers

C. to improve the performance of the test­takers

D. to tell something about the highly anxious test­takers

17．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________．

A. attention and memory resources

B. worries about the consequences

C. concerns about the exam

D. cognitive horsepower

18．According to the research, the solution to the test anxiety is to________．

A. sit quietly before the exam

B. prepare well before the test

C. set their mind on happy memories

D. write about their feelings before the test

19．The result of the research suggests that ________．

A. proper amount of burden may turn out to be a good thing

B. avoiding facing the problem may contribute to relaxation

C. facing the fears bravely may help one to achieve more

D. taking no action before difficulty may result in success

Answer 1

文章讲述的是一位心理学教授对有考前焦虑症的学生的研究及帮助焦虑症学生的方法。

16．B　事实细节题。根据文章第一段最后一句“… has studied these highly anxious test­takers.”可知文章的目的是介绍这一研究。

17．A　事实细节题。根据文章第二段“…it actually uses up attention and memory resources.”结合后面一句可知them 指代的是这些注意力和记忆力的来源。而这些本来是可以在考试中集中的。

18．D　事实细节题。根据文章第三段，尤其是第二句可知。

19．C　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的内容可知。