Question

19．短文改错
My classmates and I take part in a wildness survival program from July 10th to July 13th this summer．Before we started，we given a compass，a map，a first-aid kit，tents，food，any clothes and so on．On the way we climbed three more hills and swam across two rivers．We lost our way in the forest．Lucky we found the right direction with a compass．As soon as they arrived at the campsite，we put up our tents，made a fire and then started cooking．We also learned what to give first-aid．
Through the program，we learned to use knowledge gaining in class to solve problem．It was quite an unforgettable experience for me．

Answer 1

分析 本文作者主要讲述了自己的一次难忘经历，即：今年夏天从7月10日至13日，和同学们一起参加了这次野外生存训练．在文中，作者主要讲到述了他们参加这次野外生存训练的整个过程以及他们的收获．

解答 My classmates and I take part in a wildness survival program from July 10th
                              took
to July 13th this summer．Before we started，we∧given a compass，a map，
                                                                       were
a first-aid kit，tents，food，any clothes and so on．On the way we climbed
                                          some
three more hills and swam across two rivers．We lost our way in the forest．
         去掉more
Lucky we found the right direction with a compass．As soon as they arrived at
Luckily                                               the                               we
the campsite，we put up our tents，made a fire and then started cooking．We also
learned what to give first-aid．Through the program，we learned to use knowledge
            how
gaining in class to solve problem．It was quite an unforgettable experience for me．
gained                           problems

1．将take改为took        考查时态    根据下文可知，本文讲述的是作者的一次难忘经历，因此句中的时间状语"from July 10th to July 13th this summer"表示的应是过去的时间，故用一般过去时took
2．在given前加were     考查语态     根据句意可知，这里讲述的是出发之前的事情，因此应使用一般过去时；而主语we与动词give构成动宾关系，故此处用一般过去时态的被动语态，即在given前加were 
3．将any改为some       考查形容词的用法    由于此处用在肯定句中，表示"一些"的意思；故将any改为some
4．去掉more               考查句意理解以及形容词比较级的用法    本句表达的意思是：在路上，我们爬了三座山，游过了两条河；此处没有同类事物的比较．故此处不能用比较级more
5．将Lucky改为Luckily    考查副词的用法     此处用来修饰整个句子；故用副词Luckily
6．将a改为the             考查冠词的用法     由于"compass"在这里是第二次出现，特指上文提到的指南针；故用定冠词the
7．将they改为we         考查人称的一致性     结合上下文可知，这里指的应是我们，即：当我们到达营地时，我们支起了的帐篷，点燃了火把，然后开始做饭；故用we
8．将what改为how       考查特殊疑问词的用法    分析句意可知，此处应表示：我们还学会了如何给予急救；故用how
9．将gaining改为gained    考查分词的用法     分析句意可知，此处在句中作后置定语，修饰名词knowledge，并与该名词构成动宾关系，意为：获得的知识；故用过去分词gained
10．将problem改为problems   考查名词的单复数     本句的意思是：通过本次训练，我们学会了用课堂上获得的知识来解决问题；这里指的不应只是一个问题；故用名词的复数形式problems

点评 短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性试题，主要考查学生对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力．错误类型一般有：缺词、多词和错词．常见的错误有：1 词法错误，主要包括动词、名词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词和介词等词类误用、同义词混淆使用、固定搭配等方面．解答此类试题时，需要正确分析句子成分，熟练掌握各词类的用法以及掌握一些固定搭配等．2 常见句法错误．通常表现为简单句、复合句以及疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和强调句等错误．解答此类试题时，需要掌握各类句子的句式结构及意义用法．3 应在理解文章大意的前提下，进行作答．