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    It doesn't take a rocket scientist long time to figure out that there are better things you could do for your health than take deep breaths on a smoggy（烟雾的）day. A growing pile of research suggests that even relatively low levels of air pollution may be more harmful than previously realized, to both heart and lungs(肺). The latest articles from researchers, published this week in the New England Journal of Medicine, focuses on how particulate (微粒) matter from air pollution affects lung function.
    “The effect of low levels of particulate pollution found in many urban areas is not unlike secondhand smoke,” experts say. Studies show that short-term effects from particulates include diminished（减少） lung function, coughing, wheezing, and heart attacks. Long-term exposure can also slow normal lung growth, damage lung airways, and increase the risk of dying from lung cancer.
    Certain populations, such as the very old and the very young, are the most vulnerable to air pollution. However, even the most alarming studies conducted in the most polluted areas suggest that the average person's individual risk from exposure (暴露) is very slight. Relative risk numbers often seem more frightening than they actually are. For example, an earlier study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that short-term exposure to traffic fumes tripled ( 成为3倍) the risk of heart attacks in heart-attack survivors.
    Short of moving to the countryside or at least away from busy roads, shielding yourself from the effects of air pollution is not easy. Masks won't work. “At the very least,” suggests Murray Mittleman, a cardiologist at Harvard University, “people who regularly exercise outdoors near highways may want to consider remapping their route.”
    66. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean?
    A. Rocket scientists are making researches on people’s health.
    B. It's obvious that air pollution has a bad effect on people’s health.
    C. People aren't sure whether taking deep breaths on a smoggy day is bad.
    D. People often have a hard time when taking deep breaths on a smoggy day.
    67. The word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably means _________.
    A. easy to be hurt            B. easy to be protected
    C. easy to be used            D. easy to be saved
    68. The main idea of Paragraph 3  is _________.
    A. that even small risk from particulate causes big problems
    B. that air pollution often leads to heart attack
    C. who are most likely to get affected
    D. that we shouldn't worry about the average low risk
    69. In order to be healthier, you'd better _________.
    A. take deep breaths         B. wear a mask   
    C. live in a countryside       D. clean the busy road
    70. The passage is written in a(n) _________ tone.
    A. subjective         B. humorous     C. doubtful      D. objective
    66----70 BAACD
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：完形填空


    第二节任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
    请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
    注意：每空格1个单词。
    When we think about education and language learning, we are most likely to think of books. Although there are lots of language learning methods, many people still prefer to learn only by using books. So what are the advantages of learning a language from a book?
    Here are its advantages: firstly, you can take language books wherever you go conveniently and you can use them whenever you want. Secondly, they are easy to follow because the courses in them are usually planned for you in strict order starting from the most basic concepts to the more complex. Thirdly, if you are unsure of something, you can continue to work on it as quickly as you like. Lastly, books are likely to have a lot of vocabulary and a lot of topics so you will get great value out of a book with lots of materials in it.
    Using books to study a language has disadvantages, too. All textbooks and dictionaries usually include some kind of pronunciation guide. These are helpful when there is no other way to learn, but this can't help you practice your pronunciation. With an audio method, you can compare your pronunciation to that of a native speaker. Besides, some words are spoken faster in one sentence or slower in another, so the pronunciation of a word may change according to the emotion or feeling you want to convey. Also, books can’t actually help you hear the language with its unique rhythms spoken by native speakers. With an audio language learning method, you will be able to hear and understand the language better.
    Therefore, if you can supplemental（补充）your book with some other language tools, such as audio tapes, internet radio or resources such as music or television, you will have a much better chance of understanding the books' pronunciation guide and using it to get a good grasp of the spoken language.
    Title: One of the Language Learning 81.__________— Using Books
    Themes
    		To get a good grasp of the spoken language, we need to combine language learning books with an audio component
    82.__________
    		*It’s 83. __________ and easy to take books with you. You can use them at anytime.
    *It’s easy to 84. __________ books because they are arranged with the most basic information at the start to the more complicated concepts later on.
    *You can take your time with a book and use it at our own pace.
    *You will get great 85. __________ out of a book which 86. __________ lots of materials in it.
    Disadvantages
    		*It can’t help you practice and compare your 87.__________ with that of a native speaker.
    *It can’t help you improve your listening 88. __________.
    89. __________
    		We should use other language learning 90. __________ to help us learn a language properly.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    C
    A new study in West Africa shows how farm irrigationsystems powered by the sun can pro-duce more food and money for villagers． The study-in Benin found that solar - powered pumpsare effective in 8upplying water, especially during the long dry season．
    Sub - Saharan Africa is the part of the world with the least food security． The United Na-tions Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that more"than one biillion of the world' s peo-ple faced hunger last year．Around 265 million of them live'south of the Sahara Desert:  Lack of  rainfallis one oftheir main causes offood shortages．．
    Jennifer Bumey from Stanford University in Califomia led the study．The research team helped build three solar - powered drip irrigation -（滴灌） ,systems in northem Benin． Between 30 and 35 women used each system to pump water from the ground or a stream．Each woman was responsible for farming her own 120 sqrurre meters of land． They also farmed other land  collectively．
    The solar - powered irrigation systems produced an average of nearly two tons of vegetables per montb． During the first year, the women．kept a monthly average of almost rune kilograms of vegetables for home use．They sold the surplus produce at local markets． The eamings greatly increased their ability to buy food during the dry season which can last six to nine months． Peo- ple in the'two villages with the systems were able to eat three to five more servingsof yegetables per day．But making the surplus available at markets also had a wider effect．
    The study compared the villages with two others where women farmed with traditional methods like carrying water in buckets． The amount of vegetables eaten in those villages also  increased, though not as much．The researchers note that only four percent of the croplamd in sub - Saharan Africa is irrigated． Using solar power to pump water has higher costs at first． But    the study says it can be more economical in the long term than using fuels like gasoline,  diesel  or kerosene． And solar power is environmentally friendly．
    66．Food security in Sub - Saharan Africa is insufficient mainly because of
    A．lack of rainfall         B．limitation of farmland
    C． a small crop variety   D．little sunlight
    67．From the third paragraph we know that _______．
    A．water is wasted by using the system
    B． the farmers imgate the land together
    C． all farmers use irrigation systems in northem Benin
    D． the solar - powered systems take up more manpower
    68．The underlined word "surplus" in the 4th paragraph most probably means_______
    A．special             B．unnecessary      C．extra      D．abandoned
    69．Usinf．solar power to pump water has advantages EXCEPT that
    A．solar energy has higher cost at first
    B．solar power helps to protect environment
    C．solar power helps farmers increase eanungs
    D． solar energy can be more economical in the long run
    70．What can be the best title for the text?
    A．Manpower affects rainfallin Africa
    B．Irrigation by carrying water in buckets
    C．Solar - powered pumps aid African farmers
    D．Vegetable supply increased in African villages

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
    阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
    A
    The luxury of eating an apple on Mars could cost as much as US $22,000. That's because it costs about US $120,000 to launch a kilogram of anything into deep space. So getting enough food into orbit is a big problem facing astronauts on a trip to Mars.
    After NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) has no current plans to send astronauts to Mars, related research is being carried out—including the production of food. Astronauts on the international Space Station usually eat primarily freeze-dried food to which they add water. However, the weight of the packaging—almost as much as the food inside—costs a lot of money. The biggest problem of all is a psychological one.
    Scientists believe that astronauts will suffer without the variety offered by fresh vegetables. The answer is to grow at least some of the food. On a short trip it is imagined that astronauts will eat vegetables such as lettuce, spinach and carrots grown in a refrigerator-sized unit known as a "salad machine". On longer journeys they will actually grow vegetables in greenhouses on Mars. Martian astronauts will eat a vegetarian diet since it will not be practical to raise animals. To make up for the lack of meat, recipes have been created to add as much variety to the diet as possible, using only a basic number of products. It uses heat and mechanical force to transform soybeans into meat and cheese substitutes（代替品）. The prized result of this research is a purely vegetable-based pizza with meat and cheese substitutes .
    41. What is the best title for this story?
    A. Space Food                                          B. Astronauts' Problem
    C. The Packaging of Space Food          D. Mars Rover-Spirit
    42. What is the main problem with the diet of astronauts on the international Space Station now?
    A. The packaging is too expensive.
    B. Only fresh vegetables are offered.
    C. Too much water is needed for dried food.
    D. There are not enough choices of food.
    43. What is the "salad machine" in the spaceship for?
    A. It stores vegetables.                 B. It grows vegetables.
    C. It cooks green salad.                D. It mixes green salad.
    44. From the passage we know that the diet plan for Martian astronauts is short of     .
    A. Vegetables.               B. A special kind of Pizza.            C. Meat.         D. Soybeans

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    D
    Both warm-blooded and cold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat. Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underground burrows. At night they search for food. Animals that are out during the day, such as cold-blooded lizards and snakes, are active only for short periods. As their body temperature rises, these reptiles move into the shade in order to cool down. In the early evening, when the sun grows weaker, the reptiles become more active and begin their search for food again.
    Getting enough water to survive is a major problem for all desert animals. Some desert animals, such as the kangaroo rat and the related jerboa, get water only from the food that they eat. Because these animals eat mainly dry seeds, they must survive on a tiny amount of water.
    Most deserts have only a small number of frogs and toads because these animals must be near water to survive. Yet even these creatures have adapted to desert conditions. When small amounts of water collect in temporary streams, the desert-living frogs and toads become active. After a rainfall, they lay their eggs. The eggs grow into tadpoles in a few days and into adults in just four weeks. When the puddles dry up, the adult frogs or toads dig into the ground. Their metabolism(新陈代谢) slows, and they stay beneath the ground until the next rain, which may be as good as a year away. Until then, their bodily activities continue at a reduced rate.
    The camel---often called the ship of the desert---is one of the most successful desert animals. Camels can go for long periods without water, but eventually they must drink. When water becomes available to them after a long drought, they may drink 95 liters of water or more. When water is not available, what helps camels survive the desert heat is the fat stored in their humps. A camel’s hump contains about 12 kilograms of fat. Fat is rich in hydrogen. As the fat is digested, hydrogen from the fat combines with oxygen in the air that the camel breathes. The result is H2O, or water. Each kilogram of fat that a camel digests produces about a liter of water.
    71. Desert animals are usually more active at night because ______.
    A. it is cooler at night           B.it is easier to find water
    C.they like the dark            D. they are less likely to be attacked at night
    72. Which of the following desert animals can get water only from the food?
    A. The camel.       B. The kangaroo rat.     C. The frog.      D. The toad
    73. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
    A. All the desert animals rest during the day.
    B. All the desert animals don’t rest during the day.
    C. Cold-blooded desert animals don’t rest during the day.
    D. None of the cold-blooded desert animals go out during the day.
    74. The title for this passage could probably be ________.
    A. Hot Deserts                         B. Desert Animals
    C. How Desert Animals Get Water         D. Ways To Escape the Desert Heat
    75. The underlined word “burrows” in the first paragraph can be replaced by _________.
    A. holes     B. caves     C. rooms      D. Openings

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    C
    The announcements by the NASA，in the form of several Web site postings and a video posted on YouTube，were in response to worries that the world will end on Dec．21，2012．
    The doomsday(末日) rumour reached a high point with the release of the new movie “2012”，directed by Roland Emmerich．In the movie，Yellowstone blows up, showering the continent with black ash．Tidal waves wash over the Himalayas，where the governments of the planet have secretly built a ship which a select 400，000 people can ride out the storm．There are hundreds of hooks devoted to 2012，and millions of Web sites，depending on what combination of“2012”and“doomsday”you type into Google．All of it，astronomers say, is nonsense．“Most of what's claimed for 2012 relies on wishful thinking and ignorance of astronomy．”Ed Krupp， an expert on ancient astronomy，wrote in an article in the November issue of Sky＆Telescope．
    “I get angry at the way people are being influenced and frightened to make money,” Morrison said．“There is no right to frighten children to make a buck．”suggested David Morrison，an astronomer at the NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field，Calif．He said he had been getting about 20 letters and e—mail messages a day from people as far away as India scared out of their wits．Morrison said he did not blame the movie for all this，as much as many other supporters of the Mayan prediction．But then，he said，“my doctorate is in astronomy，not psychology．”
    In an e—mail exchange, Krupp said：“We are always uncertain about the future，and we always consume representations of it．We are always attracted by the romance of the ancient past．”A NASA spokesman，Dwayne Brown，said the agency did not comment on movies，leaving that to movie critics．But when it comes to science, Brown said, “we felt it was careful to provide a resource．”
    If you want to worry，most scientists say，you should think about global climate change or nuclear war．But if ancient prophecies(预言)get you going，here are some things Morrison and the others think you should know．
    64．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
    A．Dr．Morrison blamed the Movie“2011”for the panic it aroused in the public around the world．
    B．People who watched the movie were seared and firmly believed that the end of the world was coming．
    C．In terms of science it was better to provide evidence and theory at the same time．
    D．Dr．Morrison thought it was not right to make money by frightening people．
    65．It can be inferred from the text that        ．
    A．astronomers think that doomsday is likely to happen in the near future
    B．the reason why the NASA posted web site postings was to make people interested in astronomy
    C．scientists think we shouldn't worry about doomsday but show concern about environment protection
    D．most astronomers agree that the world is not ending—at least anytime soon
    66．Which of the following would be the best title?
    A．A New Movie“2012”            B．Is Doomsday Coming?
    C．End-of-the-World Stories          D．Astronomers Comment on Movies
    67．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
    A．Evidence that the Mayans thought something special would happen in 2012．
    B．What will really happen in 2012．
    C．The reason why there is no need to worry about doomsday．
    D．Ancient stories about the end of the world．

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    E
    Could we "terraform" Mars —that is, change its frozen, thin-aired surface into something more friendly and Earthlike? Should we? The first question has a clear answer: Yes, we probably could．Spacecraft, including the ones now exploring Mars, have found evidence that it was warm in its youth, with rivers flowing into vast seas．And right here on Earth, we've learned how to warm a planet: just add greenhouse gases to its atmosphere．Much of the CO2 that once warmed Mars is probably still there, in frozen dirt and polar ice caps, and so is the water．
    Most of the work in terraforming, says NASA scientist Chris Mackay, would be done by life itself． "You don't build Mars," Mackay says．"You just warm it up and throw some seeds．" Powerful greenhouse gases could be produced from elements in dirt and air on Mars and blown into the atmosphere; by warming the planet, they would release the frozen CO2, which would quicken the warming and increase atmospheric pressure to the point where liquid water could flow．Meanwhile, says botanist James Graham of the University of Wisconsin, human settlers could seed the red rock with a succession （系列） of ecosystems ?first bacteria and lichens （地衣）, which survive in Antarctica, later mosses （苔藓）, and after one thousand years or so, redwoods．Getting breathable oxygen levels out of those forests, though, could take thousands of years．
    However, Mars is in no immediate danger．Some space scientists recently recommended going to the moon or an asteroid （小行星） first, and pointed out the space agency lacks the funds to go anywhere．It didn't estimate the cost of gardening a dead planet．
    72．What is the most essential to make Mars fit for living?
    A．Turn ice into flowing water．          B．Clean the dirty atmosphere．
    C．Make the atmosphere more suitable．    D．Go to the moon or an asteroid first．
    73．What does the author think of the idea ofterraforming Mars?
    A．We could do it．                            B．We couldn't do it．
    C．We should do it．                           D．We shouldn't do it．
    74．In the botanist's opinion, man needs to __________.
    A．enable Mars to clean its atmosphere
    B．build a greenhouse on Mars
    C．send some people to settle on Mars
    D．cultivate ecosystems from lower to higher life form
    75．What is the best title for the passage?
    A．Making Mars the New Earth．           B．A Good Way to Change the Universe
    C．Humans' Great Power．                     D．Terrible Science and Technology．

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    B
    　A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin cancer, actually increases the risk.
    　Research from the University of Iowa based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma (黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.
    　Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.
    　But questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.
    　The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer---are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.
    　The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.
    60．The underlined word “flaws” in the 2nd paragraph most probably means _________.
    A．evidences         B．facts         C．faults         D．failures
    61．People with fair skin and freckles ________.
    A．seldom use sunscreen　　　　　　         B．are more in danger of skin cancer
    C．can be free from the harm of the sun　　     D．often expose themselves to the sun
    62．We can learn from the passage that _________.
    A．sunscreen users get skin cancer more often
    B．the volunteers have proved the effect of the sunscreen
    C．the new study has based on the experiences of volunteers
    D．the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America
    63．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
    A．Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer　      B．Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer
    C．Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen　      D．Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    D
    Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It is also one of the most interesting. It was named after Jupiter, the most important of the Roman gods, and nicknamed the “King of Planets.” It is the fifth planet from the sun and the fourth brightest object in the sky. Before the invention of the telescope, Jupiter was thought to be a bright star.
    In 1610, the famous astronomer Galileo realised that Jupiter was actually a planet. He also noticed that it had four large moons. These are known as the Galilean moons. The biggest is Ganymede, and it is larger than the planets Pluto and Mercury. Next in size is Callisto, which is the farthest away from Jupiter. It is the closest to the planet, and has a lot of active volcanoes. The smallest of the Galilean moons is Europa. Europa is covered in ice, and scientists believe there may be an ocean underneath.
    Galileo's discovery that Jupiter was not a star but a planet was very important. Before this time, people believed the Earth to be the centre of the universe. They thought that the sun, stars, and other planets all revolved around the Earth. However, Galileo proved that the sun was at the centre of the universe!
    (A) Jupiter is farther out in the solar system than Earth, so it takes longer to revolve around the sun. (B) However, a day on Jupiter is much shorter, only 9.8 Earth hours. (C) This is because it spins(旋转) a lot faster than the Earth does. (D)
    Another of Jupiter's interesting features（特性） is its “Great Red Spot.” On the surface of the planet is a large red spot. The spot is actually a huge storm like a hurricane, but bigger. It covers an area twice as big as the Earth and has been going on for at least 400 years!
    62. What is the passage mainly about?
    A. Features of the planet Jupiter.     
    B. Differences between Jupiter and other planets.
    C. Galileo's accomplishments in astronomy（天文）.
    D. How Jupiter moves in the solar system.
    63. According to Paragraph 3, why is Galileo's discovery important?
    A. Because Jupiter was thought to be smaller than Earth.
    B. Because people knew that Earth is not the only planet.
    C. Because it meant that the planet goes around the Earth.
    D. Because it proved that Earth is not the centre of the universe.
    64. The underlined word “revolved” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to           .
    A. approached        B. stopped            C. sped up            D. circled
    65. Where would the following sentence best fit into Paragraph 4, (A), (B), (C) or (D)?
    This means that one year on Jupiter is as long as 11.6 Earth years.

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