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    Ever wonder how this season’s celebrations affect the environment? Guest blogger Krista Fairles takes an amusing look at this very topic:

    The holidays are a wonderful, cheerful time when most people wait for Santa to bring them presents. But I’m not like most people. I spend my time wondering just what the environmental impacts of Santa Claus and his reindeer are, and more importantly, how I can calculate those impacts.
    Lately I’ve been particularly curious as to whether Santa’s old sled is a clean green flying machine, or if he should be replacing his 8 reindeer with an environmentally-friendly car.
    I should mention that, surprisingly, I was unable to find statistics specific to Santa’s magical flying reindeer, so these calculations use numbers from various sources and may not represent actual pollution caused by Santa and his animals. In other words, don’t complain to the government about the damage Santa is causing the environment based on this article.
    Santa’s yearly trip around the globe is 44,000km long, twice the average of a North American driver. If we assume that the magic provides the altitude for this trip, then reindeer power only needs to push Santa’s sled forward. To complete the trip in 12 hours, I estimate they must travel at a speed of about 3100km/h. To travel at this speed, for this length of time, the reindeer need to eat an incredible 980 million calories each!!
    So the next question is: how much food is in 980 million calories? Well, if they’re eating corn, they’d need to eat 16,500 lbs each — or 1.6 acres of food. Growing 12.8 acres of corn has its own implications for the environment that we’ll leave for another calculation.
    We now need to consider that during the global trip the reindeer are “letting out” some of that corn in the form of methane (甲烷，沼气). A resting cow produces 110 kg of methane per year, so flying reindeer would each let out about 4.8 tons. With methane causing 20 times the global warming damage of CO2, and the altitude increasing that damage by 1000% that another 20 times, we can put Santa’s round-trip emissions at 15,488 tons. This is much more than the 100 tons an environmentally-friendly car would release on the same trip!
    Bad Santa.
    小题1:Which aspect does the writer NOT include in her analyses about reindeer’s influence on environment?
    A．Distance covered.B．Calories consumed.
    C．Tons of waste let out.D．Money spent on food.
    小题2: According to Paragraph 6, how many acres of corn would Santa need to feed 10 reindeer?
    A．1.6.B．16.C．12.8.D．128.
    小题3:Which of the following statements would the writer most probably agree with?
    A．Christmas celebrations are really a waste of money.
    B．Vegetarians are more likely to survive than meat-eaters.
    C．Raising animals has a negative influence on environment.
    D．The car industry does less harm to environment than farming.
    小题4:Which of the following words best describes the language style of the passage?
    A．Humourous and concerned.B．Cheerful and friendly.
    C．Academic and formal.D．Serious and boring.
    小题5:Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
    A．Is Santa driving clean and green?
    B．Santa, watch where you’re going!
    C．Santa Claus is coming to town!
    D．Let’s reduce waste on Christmas celebrations!

    小题1:D
    小题2:B
    小题3:C
    小题4:A
    小题5:A 

    试题分析：文章大意：圣诞老人每年旅行44,000公里，那么圣诞老人的驾驶是清洁和绿色的吗？
    小题1:D细节理解题。根据第文章五、六、七段可以知道提及到Distance covered、Calories consumed和Tons of waste let out.，而D项没有提及到。故D正确。
    小题2:B细节理解题。根据第六段的第二句Well, if they’re eating corn, they’d need to eat 16,500 lbs each — or 1.6 acres of food.可以计算出10只驯鹿所需要的谷物。故B正确。
    小题3:C细节理解题。根据文章第七段作者提及到驯鹿排放的沼气可知C项和作者的观点相符合。 故C正确。
    小题4:A推理判断题。全文作者以诙谐的口吻讲述圣诞老人每年44,000公里的旅程所带来的污染，体现了作者对环境的关注。故A正确。
    小题5:A主旨大意题。全文作者以诙谐的口吻讲述圣诞老人每年44,000公里的旅程所带来的污染，怀疑圣诞老人是否是清洁和绿色旅行。 故A正确。
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    While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought.  It’s nothing personal.  Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.
    But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius.  In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.
    In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.  More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries.  These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and philosophy（哲学）.  Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy.  Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese.  So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States.  Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. 
    So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.
    Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.
    As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.
    小题1:The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________.
    A．provide some key facts about Confucius
    B．attract the readers’ interest in the subject
    C．show great respect for the ancient thinker
    D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations
    小题2:We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students______.
    A．have a great interest in studying Chinese
    B．take an active part in Chinese competitions
    C．try to get high scores in Chinese exams
    D．fight for a chance to learn Chinese
    小题3:What is the best title for the passage?
    A．Forgotten Wisdom in America
    B．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language
    C．Chinese Culture for Westerners
    D．Old Thinker with a Big Future
    小题4:The passage is likely to appear in ___________.
    A．a biographyB．a history paper
    C．a newspaperD．a philosophy textbook

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