Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Since the earliest civilizations, people have controlled rivers to meet society's demands. Today, rivers are controlled for many reasons, primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily, agricultural and industrial needs, for power generation, for navigation (航行), and to prevent flooding.
River control is achieved by channelization, a term that covers a range of river engineering works, including widening, deepening, straightening and stabilization of banks, and by the construction of dams.
An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the l9'th century, when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened. One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River, a branch of the Danube that flows through Hungary. The controlling of the Tisza, designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture, included cutting off more than 100 meanders (河曲), shortening the river's length by nearly 400 kilometers.
One of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them. The past 50 years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide, and at the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 800,000 dams globally, some towering more than 200 meters in height.
Despite their successes, many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful. Some particularly deep reservoirs (水库) can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water. Downstream of a reservoir, the river is certainly influenced in many ways: water volume, speed and quality are all affected, leading to changes in the landscape and among plants and animals.
阅读快车系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：完型填空
——Are you through with your homework?
——Well, ____.
| A．sort of | B．go ahead | C．why not | D．that’s OK |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
There are many things that we wish to achieve in life. For some, we set goals and objectives, and for some we don’t. Try to remember the last time you set a goal to achieve a certain task. Were you able to complete the task in an effective manner? The tasks which are done by setting and meeting daily goals will definitely be useful and rewarding experiences. A step-by-step approach towards achieving smaller goals is the key to achieving larger ones.
When it comes to the workplace, each and every employee is expected to meet daily responsibilities and expectations. With organizations becoming more and more competitive, the importance of goal-setting for employees is increasing. It helps the employee to perform better and increases his or her efficiency and time management. It’s also important for every student to set high academic goals so as to be able to build a good career.
Setting goals for completing the daily schedule helps an employee to finish the assigned tasks and targets in a timely manner. If an employee is performing the way he or she is expected to, then this will automatically increase the performance, output and productivity of both the employee and the organization. Daily study targets are the same. This helps you complete your assignments within the set time, thus putting less pressure on you during exams and increasing your chances of performing well.
How many times you have to be at work on a weekend just to complete your work? How many times you have had to stay up all night to complete your homework or study for your exams? Had you followed your set goals and targets right from the beginning, you would have spent the time relaxing rather than being busy working or studying! Setting up goals and objectives helps you organize your time and efforts in an efficient manner.
In performing your work diligently, you are likely to keep a steady pace when it comes to fulfilling your set targets. Because you are already on track, there will be no unnecessary workload and time limits over your head. Therefore, another benefit of effective goal-setting is lack of stress and a more calm and relaxed mind. Only a stress-free and calm mind can house progressive and productive thoughts. A calm mind causes positivity, which goes a long way towards increasing your ability to achieve the personal goals you have set for yourself.
Each and every human being aims to achieve two things: to fulfill desires and to enjoy life. This is possible only through proper discipline and time management. Goal-setting leads to not only professional growth but also personal growth and development. You are expected to know that every step counts and that setting up goals is easy, but following them on a consistent basis is difficult. Therefore, if you want to be successful and also harvest the fruits of your hard work, you need to stick to your set goals and be focused towards achieving them. Realize the significant role that goal-setting plays in your life, make sure that you do all you can to achieve what you want., set your goals, work towards achieving them and celebrate your success!
| Passage outline | Supporting details |
| Significance of goal-setting in achieving success | *In face of competition, employees with goals can perform better as well as【小题1】______ efficiency and time management. *Students who want to build a good career should attach【小题2】_____to setting high academic goals. |
| Increase output and performance | *By setting goals, an employees can increase output and performance instead of 【小题3】_____ completing his or her tasks. *Students can have less pressure and perform well with the aid of daily study targets. |
| Help in time management | *You can have your time and efforts 【小题4】___ better if you follow your setting –goals from the beginning. *You’re likely to have more time for 【小题5】_____instead of occupying yourself in working or studying. |
| Reduce【小题6】____ levels | *Chances are that you can fulfill your set targets steadily【小题7】___ to lack of unnecessary workload and time limits over your head. *Effective goal-setting is【小题8】____ to the development of a relaxed mind, which can result in positivity. |
| Every step counts | *You should be 【小题9】_____that it’s difficult to follow your goals consistently. *Your hard work will 【小题10】_____ off if you stick to your set goals step by step. |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空一词。
Job stress hits students
As the job-hunting season kicks off, many graduates are suffering from anxiety. Job interview results are becoming the most common conversation topic in dormitories. Worried about not getting satisfactory offers, some students have sleep problems, or lose their appetite. Some might even display symptoms of depression.
According to a survey across several universities in Wuhan conducted by Wuhan Yangtze Business University, over 72 percent of student participants were worried about finding a job. Students in the first one or two years were also uneasy about their job prospects, which contributed to spreading anxiety further.
Lang Lei, 22, a business major from Renmin University in Beijing, admitted having mood swings when job hunting. The student hoped to get positions with large state-owned enterprises in his hometown of Yantai, Shandong. But when it turned out that things wouldn’t be so easy, Lang became concerned. After some struggling moments, he has now changed to more realistic goals.
Others feel tortured（受折磨）while waiting for interview results. Mo Tong, a senior software engineering major at South China Normal University, would fall into a nervous state every time after he attended a job interview.
“For a day or two I couldn’t help but keep thinking about how I performed in front of the interviewers, how well I dealt with their questions, and whether they would consider giving me a chance in the end,” Mo was unable to focus on other things as his anxiety grew.
Media reports about rising unemployment rates and a difficult job market have touched students’ nerves.
‘‘I’ m alarmed by articles saying how bachelor’s degree holders are losing ground,” said Wang Hongjuan, a sophomore English major from Putian University in Fujian province. “It suggests to me that good jobs are only available to graduate or doctoral students.”
As Wang has no plans to further her education, she has to commit herself to all sorts of extracurricular activities to improve her prospects. This throws her into a packed schedule.
Wen Fang, a well-known education psychology expert and consultant in Beijing, advises students not to be misled by depressing surveys and reports about the job market. “Unemployment rates are not linked to an individual’s chances of getting a job,” he said. “An individual’s chances are actually mainly determined by his or her capability.”
According to Wen, a moderate degree of anxiety is normal--- it can even be helpful. But if it constantly affects a student’s normal life, one should pay more attention. “Focus on adapting yourself to the needs of society, and never ever overestimate your goals,” Wen added.
| Title: Job stress hits students | ||
| Present【小题1】 on campus | As the job-hunting season comes, most students become【小题2】 . ●Students【小题3】 mainly about job interview results in dormitories. ●Some students are worried about not getting satisfactory jobs and feel【小题4】 . ●Students in the first one or two years are also uneasy about their job prospects. | |
| Examples | Lang Lei | ●He【小题5】 in business and finds it hard to get a satisfying job in his hometown. ●He has now changed to more realistic goals. |
| Mo Tong | ●After an interview, he always thinks about how he performed in front of the interviewers and whether he could get a chance【小题6】 . ●With his anxiety【小题7】 , Mo becomes less focused on other things. | |
| Wang Hongjuan | ●She is alarmed by media reports saying bachelor’s degree holders have no 【小题8】 when hunting for jobs. ●She is busy with extracurricular activities to improve her prospects. | |
| Experts’ opinion | ●One’s capability【小题9】 his or her chances of getting a job. ●Students should not be misled by gloomy surveys and reports about the job market. ●Try to【小题10】 yourself to the needs of society, and never ever overestimate your goals. | |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
How do you usually buy what you need, shopping on line or going out to shop in person? With the help of the Internet, shopping is ___【小题1】___(easy) than before. We can just click our mouse to choose the items we like, pay for them online, and the shopping ___【小题2】___(finish). It is easy and quick. It helps save money, too. We can save thousands a year if we compare the prices of similar items before deciding ___【小题3】___ to buy.
However, there are always traps in shopping online. If we are ___【小题4】___(care), we may get into trouble. For example, we may find the color of the item different from ___【小题5】___ in the picture online. Sometimes, the size of the item we receive can be too big ___【小题6】___ too small. ___【小题7】___(avoid) such troubles, we should compare similar items on different online stores and pay more attention to what other customers say. From their comments, we can know better ___【小题8】___ an item’s color, size as well as ___【小题9】___ shortcomings. In this way we increase our chance of buying ___【小题10】___ more satisfactory item.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Educators have spent ages arguing about whether the traditional classroom structure, with students all working on the same lesson, is really suited to different learning styles.
Twelve-year-old Yuval Kagan looks like he’s ready to work at a call center. He’s among 10 students sitting at a long table covered with laptop computers, talking into their headphones. ”Yes,” he says, looking at his computer screen. Yural is talking to a math teacher. If he has a question, he hits a button called “raise your hand” and the teacher speaks to him.
Yuval says he enjoys this form of teaching. “In a lesson with a class, the teacher always has to tell other students to stop talking, but here you can have one-on-one teaching.”
That personalized approach is what makes School of One different. It’s an after-school math program taking place here at I.S. 228 and two other middle schools. Kids spend part of their time working with online teachers. But teachers can also set instruction in small groups, where a teacher explains a special math problem. And sometimes they work together, as demonstrated by two boys using colorful blocks to figure out a geometry problem.
School of One was first piloted last summer with middle scholars in Chinatown. Assessment tests showed so much progress that the Department of Education expanded the program. Dominick D’Angelo, the principal of I.S. 228, says he wanted his sixth graders to take part because the traditional classroom doesn’t serve every child. But School of One is what its name suggests.
“A student is working at his or her own pace,” says D’Angelo. “Not with a group of 30 other students. If they don’t get it today, they have to work on it again tomorrow. They’re not left behind because they can’t catch up with the class. It’s at their own pace.”
Chancellor Joel Klein says “This kind of approach---students centered, not classroom centered---is going to be a part of the future of Education.”
But Daniel Willingham, a professor of Psychology says “Studies have been done trying to prove that some people learn best visually, however, other people learn best aurally (听觉上). They have shown that there’s no benefit in meeting the needs of those learning styles.” He adds, “It’s not clear whether considering different styles of learning makes a real difference.”
The city has raised money from private donors to keep the program going next fall. And though officials say they didn’t deliberately launch it this spring in time for the state exams, they’ll be very curious to see the performance of those 240 sixth graders at the three schools now using the School of One.
Title: Arguments about classroom structures and learning styles
| A comparison of two 【小题1】 approaches | 【小题2】 classroom | ●Classroom centered: all the students work on the 【小题3】 lesson. ●Teachers have to tell students to keep 【小题4】 in class. |
| School of One | ●【小题5】 centered: students spend part of their time working with online teachers and talking to them separately. ●Teachers can also organize the kids in small groups to explain special problems. Sometimes they can 【小题6】 . | |
| Experts’ opinions | ●The new approach will be part of the future of Education. ●Some people learn best visually, while other people learn best by 【小题7】 . ●It is not 【小题8】 to meet the needs of those learning styles. ●We are not 【小题9】 about whether considering different styles of learning makes a real difference. | |
| Officials’ expectations | ● How the three schools’ sixth graders 【小题10】 in the coming state exams. | |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Are we too quick to blame and slow to praise? It seems that while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow unwilling to give others the warm sunshine of praise.
It’s strange how mean we are about praising. Perhaps it’s because few of us know how to accept praise gracefully . Instead , we are embarrassed and ignore the words we are really so glad to hear. Because of this defensive reaction, direct praise is surprisingly difficult to give.
Do you ever go into a house and say, “ What a tidy room!” Hardly anybody does. That’s why housework is considered such a boring job. Shakespeare said, “ Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she is worthy of praise.
Mothers know naturally that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding. Still, we are unaware of children’s small achievements and we seldom apply the rule. One day I was criticizing my children for quarrelling. “Can you never play peacefully?” I shouted. Susanna looked at me confused. “ Of course I can,” she said. “But you don’t notice us when we do.”
Teachers agree about the value of praise. “ I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual standard,” writes a teacher, “ and that he is hungry for a belief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.”
Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that people have a tendency to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result. In one such experiment, a number of schoolchildren were divided into three groups and given arithmetic tests daily for five days. One group was constantly praised for its previous performance; another group was criticized; the third was ignored. Not surprisingly, those who were praised improved dramatically. Those who were criticized improved ,too, but not so much. And the scores of the children who were ignored hardly improved at all. Interestingly, the brightest children were helped just as much by criticism as by praise, but the less able children, who reacted badly to criticism, needed praise the most.
To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment’s thought and a moment’s effort—perhaps a quick phone call to pass on good comments , or write an appreciative letter. It is such a small investment—and yet consider the results it may produce. We will not only bring joy into other people’s lives, but also, very often, added happiness into our room.” I can live for two months on a good compliment.” said Mark Twain.
Title : Profits of Praise
| Theme | Compared with_____【小题1】_____ , praise should be valued and appreciated more. |
| Reasons for unwillingness to give praise | We feel embarrassed and ignore the words pleasant to our ears____【小题2】___ than accept them gracefully. We have ____【小题3】____ giving direct praise because of our so-called defensive reaction. |
| Importance of praise in some cases | A housewife ___【小题4】____ to be praised for her sacrifices and devotion . A mother is supposed to be aware of their children’s small achievements and ___【小题5】___ the rule of giving praise. A student waits ____【小题6】____ for a good comment from his teacher when he hands in his homework above his usual standard. |
| Findings of experiments on profits of praise | Everybody___【小题7】____ to repeat an act if praised more often. Those who receive constant praise have made dramatic improvement. Unlike brilliant children, less able children ___【小题8】___ badly to criticism desperately need praise. |
| ________【小题9】_______ | It pays to make a moment’s ___【小题10】_____ to pass on praise, for it brings added joy and happiness to our lives as well as others’. |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：填空题
When I was 8 years old, I once decided to run away from home. With my suitcase packed and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom, “I 【小题1】_________ (leave).”
“If you want to run away , that’s all right,” she said. “But you came into this home 【小题2】________ anything and you can leave the same way.” I threw my suitcase and sandwiches on the floor heavily and started for the door again.
“Wait a minute,” Mom said. “I want your 【小题3】______ back. You didn’t wear anything when you arrived.” This really angered me. I tore my clothes off—shoes, socks, underwear and all—and shouted , “Can I go now?” “Yes,” Mom answered, “but once you close that door, don’t expect 【小题4】________(come ) back.”
I was so angry that I slammed (砰地关上) the door and stepped out on the front porch. 【小题5】_______ (sudden) I realized that I was outside, with nothing on. Then I noticed that down the street, two neighbor girls were walking toward our house. I ran to hide behind a big tree in our yard at once. After a while, I was sure the girls 【小题6】_________ (pass) by. Then I dashed to the front door and banged on it loudly.
“Who’s there?” I heard.
“It’s Billy! Let me in!”
The voice behind 【小题7】________ door answered, “Billy doesn’t live here anymore. He ran away from home.” 【小题8】_______ (glance) behind me to see if anyone else was coming, I begged, “Aw, come on, Mom! I’m still your son. Let me 【小题9】_______!”
The door inched open and Mom’s smiling face appeared. “Did you change your 【小题10】 ________ (decide) about running away?” she asked.
“What’s for supper?” I answered.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：填空题
根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母，在答题纸上按题号写出各单词正确的完全形式(每空限写一词)。
【小题1】Be quiet and pay a_________ to what I am saying.
【小题2】It’s a real b_________ because you only paid 10 dollars for such a nice necklace .
【小题3】After years of struggle , the Indians g_________ freedom at last.
【小题4】It is o________ that the little girl is a little nervous before the final exam.
【小题5】You must a__________ to your sister for being so rude.
【小题6】Pandas are in d________ of dying out.
【小题7】Does second hand smoke a_______ the health of all of us?
【小题8】If you want to use my computer, you must ask for my p______________.
【小题9】John speaks English like a native, which made all of us a______________ him very much.
【小题10】With the problem s________ , the students rushed out to play games.
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