Question

【题目】Everybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catch or wake up early in order not to miss varies by culture？

From data collected, it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep, on average, are sporting events, time changes, and holidays.

Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to "winter time" starting on October 26.

Russia's other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year's Eve, Russians have the world's latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 a. m.

Russians also get up an hour later on International Women's Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.

Similarly, Americans' late nights, late mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends.

Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey (冰球) final.

The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation. The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.

It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it’s likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that’s the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?

【1】What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep?

A. They don’t fall asleep until very late. B. They don’t sleep much on weekends.

C. They sleep longer than people elsewhere. D. They get less sleep on public holidays.

【2】The underlined word “deprivation” in the last paragraph but one means ________.

A. depression B. loss C. observation D. trouble

【3】What is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a device to record their sleep patterns?

A. They have trouble falling asleep. B. They are involved in a sleep research.

C. They want to get sufficient sleep. D. They want to go to bed on regular hours.

【4】What does the author imply in the last paragraph?

A. Sleeplessness does harm to people’s health.

B. It is important to study our sleep patterns.

C. Few people really know the importance of sleep.

D. Average people probably sleep.

Answer 1

【答案】d up a half-hour later to watch it,… woke up earlier than usual the next morning和loss 关系。B选项loss

依据逻辑推理猜测词义。运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系，同位关系，对比关系，转折关系等。

【3】C

推理判断题。根据第九段中的“…. not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it’s likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person.”可知，使用这种装置就是为了比一般人睡的多点。分析选项可知，C项（想有充足的睡眠）符合题意，故选C项。

【4】C

推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Even if that's the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?”（尽管如此，上述发现仍然令人震惊。如果我们当中最有健康意识的人一年中的睡眠水平有如此剧烈的波动，那么我们其余的人会失去多少睡眠呢？）可推断出，很少有人意识到睡眠的重要性，故选C。

【解析】许多人熬夜或早起因为不同的文化而原因各不相同。从收集到的数据来看，我们的睡眠时间、体育赛事、假期等因素都会让我们失去最多的睡眠。这个数据令人震惊，然而却几乎没人意识到睡眠对我们是多么的重要。

【1】D

推理判断题。根据第四段“Russia's other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year's Eve, Russians have the world's latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 a. m.”(在公共假日，俄罗斯人通常熬夜和早起。除夕之夜，俄罗斯人有了世界上最迟的就寝时间，大约凌晨3点30分睡觉。)可知，俄罗斯人在公共假期睡的非常少。分析选项可知D项（他们在公共假日睡眠较少）符合题意，故选D项。

【2】B

【解题剖析】此题属于猜测词义中的（4）：依据逻辑推理猜测词义。答案需要推断works和contributions对比关系。

【答案定位】根据倒数第二段中的“The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning”接着讲述世界杯期间，英国人比平常晚睡半小时但比平常早起，可知由于世界杯赛时，很多人的睡眠少了，即世界杯是造成英国人睡眠不足的主要原因。可推知：此处stayed up a half-hour later to watch it,… woke up earlier than usual the next morning和loss 关系。

【推理关系】题干The underlined word “deprivation” in the last paragraph but one means 文章内容The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning