Of all animals in the animal kingdom, which one (aside from man) is smartest? There are several ways of measuring the intelligence of animals．In one test a scientist sets three identical cans on a table．While the animal watches, he puts food under one of the cans．Then he leads the animal away．Some time later, he brings it back to see if it remembers which can has the food．No sniffing is allowed; the animal must go directly to the correct can if it fails.
This is called a delayed-response test．The idea is to fond out how long an animal’s memory can retain information．The scientists would try showing the cans to the animal one hour later, or two hours later, or even a full day later．They discovered that chimpanzees (黑猩猩) and elephants have the best memory, and are able to remember the correct can for at least twenty hours．No other animal is close．Dogs came next, but they only remembered for nine hours.
To settle the matter, the scientists devised a gigantic(巨大的) maze(迷宫) and ran the chimps and elephants through it．The maze was very complicated, with many blind alleys and dead ends．It took the chimps ten minutes to find their way out ．The elephants needed a half hour．Even allowing for the elephants’ slower rate of speed, the test indicates that chimpanzees are the smartest animals.
From this and other tests, the scientists drew the following conclusion: an animal’s intelligence depends on the size of its brain in proportion to the size of its body．The elephant’s brain weighs ten pounds．But this is only 1/600th of its 6,000-pound body．A chimp’s brain weighs about one pound, or 1/120th of its total body weight．So in proportion to its body size, the chimp has four times as much brain as the elephant-more brain for less body．The chimp is the champ!
1．Select the best title ________.
A．The Elephant’s Memory
B．School for Animals
C．The Chimp’s Brain
D．The Smartest Animal
2． The main idea of this passage is that ________.
A．there are several ways of measuring the intelligence of animals
B．chimps and elephants have the best memory
C．intelligence tests show that the chimp is the smartest animal
D．the scientists devised a gigantic maze and ran the chimps and elephants through it
3．The delayed-response test is designed to test an animal’s ________.
A．eyesight
B．intelligence
C．learning ability
D．memory
4．The passage indicates that elephants ________.
A．never forget
B．are smarter than chimps
C．are slower-moving than chimps
D．have better memories than chimps
5．According to the passage, a rhinoceros(犀牛) that weighs 2100 Lbs, and has a 3-Lb brain is ________.
A．equal in intelligence to a chimp
B．more intelligent than an elephant
C．less intelligent than an elephant
D．equal in intelligence to an elephant
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普通高中同步练习册系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：054
The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can 1 from a different kind of poverty-of the spirit. 2 , one Western country alone now sees 14 000 attempted suicides (自 杀) every year by children under 15, and one child 3 five needs psychiatric (心理) advice.
There are many good things about 4 in the Third World. Take the close and con-stant relation between children and their par-ents, relatives and neighbours for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts dis-tance between 5 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in of-fices. 6 , the child sees mother and father,relations and neighbours working 7 and often shares in that work.
A child 8 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community's 9 : helping to dig or build, look after ani-mals or babies-rather than 10 playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 11 playing with dolls.
These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the 12 children. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions of the sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world, 13 , are pro-vided with a watch as one of the 14 signs of growing up, so that they can 15 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows...
Third World children do not usually 16 to stay indoors, still less in high-rise apartments (公寓). Instead of dangerous road, “keep off the grass” signs and “don't speak to strangers”, there is often a sense of 17 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 18 from ten floors up.
19 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all 20 .
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013-2014学年宁夏高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
LONDON (Reuters) Ecotourism is causing a lot of damage to wildlife and may be endangering the survival of the very animals people are flocking to see, according to researchers.
Biologists and conservationists are worried because polar bears, dolphins, penguins and other creatures are getting stressed and losing weight and some are dying.
"Evidence is growing that many animals do not react well to tourists in their backyard，” New Scientist magazine said.
The immediate effects "researchers have noticed are changes in behavior, heart rates. or stress hormone levels but they fear it could get much worse and over the long term “ could endanger the survival of the very wildlife they want to see. ”
Although money produced through ecotourism, which has been growing at about 10-30 percent a year, has major benefits for poor countries and people living in rural areas, the Swiss-based World Conservation Union (IUCN) and some governments fear not all projects are audited（审计） and based on environmentally friendly policies，according to the magazine.
Transmission of disease to wildlife，or small changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily life or increased stress levels, while not obvious to the casual observer, may translate to lower survival and breeding，” said Philip Seddon , of the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand.
Scientists have noticed that bottleneck dolphins along the northeastern coast of New Zealand become nervously excited when tourist boats arrive. Similar changes in behavior have been observed in polar bears and yellow-eyed penguins in areas visited by colorists are producing smaller babies.
Conservationists are now calling for more research into the effect of ecotourism on animals and say the industry must be developed carefully. They also want studies done before new ecotourism projects are started.
“The animals’ welfare should be very important because without them there will be no ecotourism，” said Rochelle Constantine of the University of Auckland in New Zealand
1.Which is not discovered to have changed in animals disturbed by tourists?
A. behavior B. birth rate C. hormone levels D. heart rates
2.We may learn from the text that _____.
A. ecotourism must be developed properly
B. polar bears are losing weight without enough food
C. all the poor countries have stopped ecotourism
D. money produced through ecotourism should be spent on wildlife
3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
A. Many animals do not react well in their backyard
B. Studies should be done before new ecotourism projects are started
C. Ecotourism has been growing at about 10—30 percent a year.
D. polar bears in areas visited by ecotourists are producing smaller babies.
4.What Rochelle Constantine said in the last paragraph implies that _____.
A. if people want to get high income, they must develop ecotourism
B. animals have rights to live their own life
C. animals are people's good friends
D. people should take good care of wildlife
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年上海市虹口区高考一模英语试卷（解析版） 题型：其他题
Plants and animals usually do not live apart, as in many ways they are important to each other. Most green plants can make their own food. The food of other living things, even the food of meat-eating animals, comes directly or indirectly from green plants. For example, some people eat mutton (羊肉); mutton comes from a goat; the goats eat grass. These steps, or links, make up what is called a food chain. Without green plants, all other living things would in time die of starvation.
Plants help animals in other ways too. They furnish homes and shelter for many animals. Many birds, as you know, build their nests in trees. Deer and many other animals use bushes for shelter. And even man depends much upon plants for his shelter. Animals repay some of this debt by helping plants. You may be aware that many insects and some birds do important work for plants by pollinating (授粉) them. You must have also learned how animals often help plants by spreading seeds.
What is waste material for one of these kinds of life is often valuable substance for the other. For example, animals give off carbon dioxide gas when they breathe. When plants make food, they absorb this gas from the air, using the carbon and releasing some of the oxygen back into the air. The oxygen that is released, then, is again supplied to animals. Thus the cycle continues, animals helping plants, and plants helping animals.
All plants and animals have their enemies. Insects eat plants; birds eat insects; other animals kill birds. But here too, animals such as birds and bats help the plants by destroying harmful insects. Many plants and animals are helpful to some living things but are harmful to others. Then there are other rules in nature that act as checks and balances. For example, if there are more animals in a certain area than there is food to support them, some of the animals must migrate or starve. In either case, the number of animals will be reduced until the balance between animals and the available food supply is restored.
These helps and hindrances (障碍) are constantly going on in the plant and animal world to achieve a balance. As long as one living thing is dependent on another, whenever the scales are tipped (使倾斜), nature takes steps to balance the scales again.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
1.What does the author mean by saying “Plants and animals usually do not live apart”?
2.Besides providing food and shelter for animals, plants can also ______ to help animals to live.
3.“Checks and balances” refers to ______ in the world of animals and plants.
4.What will be the final result if some animals migrate or starve for lack of food?
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Plants and animals usually do not live apart, as in many ways they are important to each other. Most green plants can make their own food. The food of other living things, even the food of meat-eating animals, comes directly or indirectly from green plants. For example, some people eat mutton (羊肉); mutton comes from a goat; the goats eat grass. These steps, or links, make up what is called a food chain. Without green plants, all other living things would in time die of starvation.
Plants help animals in other ways too. They furnish homes and shelter for many animals. Many birds, as you know, build their nests in trees. Deer and many other animals use bushes for shelter. And even man depends much upon plants for his shelter. Animals repay some of this debt by helping plants. You may be aware that many insects and some birds do important work for plants by pollinating (授粉) them. You must have also learned how animals often help plants by spreading seeds.
What is waste material for one of these kinds of life is often valuable substance for the other. For example, animals give off carbon dioxide gas when they breathe. When plants make food, they absorb this gas from the air, using the carbon and releasing some of the oxygen back into the air. The oxygen that is released, then, is again supplied to animals. Thus the cycle continues, animals helping plants, and plants helping animals.
All plants and animals have their enemies. Insects eat plants; birds eat insects; other animals kill birds. But here too, animals such as birds and bats help the plants by destroying harmful insects. Many plants and animals are helpful to some living things but are harmful to others. Then there are other rules in nature that act as checks and balances. For example, if there are more animals in a certain area than there is food to support them, some of the animals must migrate or starve. In either case, the number of animals will be reduced until the balance between animals and the available food supply is restored.
These helps and hindrances (障碍) are constantly going on in the plant and animal world to achieve a balance. As long as one living thing is dependent on another, whenever the scales are tipped (使倾斜), nature takes steps to balance the scales again.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
81. What does the author mean by saying “Plants and animals usually do not live apart”?
82. Besides providing food and shelter for animals, plants can also ______ to help animals to live.
83. “Checks and balances” refers to ______ in the world of animals and plants.
84. What will be the final result if some animals migrate or starve for lack of food?
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
LONDON (Reuters)------- Ecotourism is causing a lot of damage to wildlife and may be
endangering the survival of the very animals people are flocking to see, according to researchers.
Biologists and conservationists are worried because polar bears ，dolphins, penguins and other creatures are getting stressed and losing weight and some are dying.
"Evidence is growing that many animals do not react well to tourists in their backyard，” New Scientist magazine said.
The immediate effects "researchers have noticed are changes in behavior, heart rates. or stress hormone levels but they fear it could get much worse and over the long term “ could endanger the survival of the very wildlife they want to see. ”
Although money produced through ecotourism, which has been growing at about 10—30 percent a year, has major benefits for poor countries and people living in rural areas, the Swiss—based World Conservation Union (IUCN) and some governments fear not all projects
are audited and based on environmentally friendly policies，according to the magazine.
4<Transmission of disease to wildlife，or small changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily life or increased stress levels, while not obvious to the casual observer, may translate to lower survival and breeding，” said Philip Seddon , of the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand.
Scientists have noticed that bottleneck dolphins along the northeastern coast of New Zealand become nervously excited when tourist boats arrive. Similar changes in behavior have been observed in polar bears and yellow-eyed penguins in areas visited by colorists are producing smaller babies.
Conservationists are now calling for more research into the effect of ecotourism on animals and say the industry must be developed carefully. They also want studies done before new ecotourism projects are started.
The animals ，welfare should be very important because without them there will be no ecotourism，” said Rochelle Constantine of the University of Auckland in New Zealand
59. What is the text mainly about?
A. Many animals are dying because of lack of money.
B. There will be no ecotourism without animals.
C Ecotourism could endanger the survival of the wildlife people want to see.
D. More research should be done on ecotourism.
60. We may learn from the text that _____.
A ecotourism must be developed properly
B. polar bears are losing weight without enough food
C. all the poor countries have stopped ecotourism
D. money produced through ecotourism should be spent on wildlife
61. Which of the following is Not mentioned in the text?
A. Many animals do not react well in their backyard
B polar bears in areas visited by ecotourists are producing smaller babies.
C. Ecotourism has been growing at about 10—30 percent a year.
D. Studies should be done before new ecotourism projects are started
62. What Rochelle Constantine said in the last paragraph implies that _____.
A. if people want to get high income, they must develop ecotourism
B. animals have rights to live their own life
C. animals are people's good friends
D. people should take good care of wildlife
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